ἀμπελών

Matthew 20:1 ἀμπελῶνα vineyard

“For the kingdom of heaven is like a landowner who went out early in the morning to hire workers for his vineyard.

Here: An ordinary agricultural setting, but one loaded in Israel's scriptures, where the vineyard was a standard picture of God's people (Isaiah 5).

Matthew 20:2 ἀμπελῶνα vineyard

He agreed to pay them a denarius for the day and sent them into his vineyard.

Matthew 20:4 ἀμπελῶνα, vineyard,

‘You also go into my vineyard,’ he said, ‘and I will pay you whatever is right.’

Here: The landowner's vineyard, the place of labour. For Jewish hearers the vineyard was also a well-known picture of Israel as God's planting (Isaiah 5).

Matthew 20:7 ἀμπελῶνα vineyard’

‘Because no one has hired us,’ they answered. So he told them, ‘You also go into my vineyard.’

Matthew 20:8 ἀμπελῶνος vineyard

When evening came, the owner of the vineyard said to his foreman, ‘Call the workers and pay them their wages, starting with the last ones hired and moving on to the first.’

Matthew 21:28 ἀμπελῶνι vineyard

But what do you think? There was a man who had two sons. He went to the first one and said, ‘Son, go and work today in the vineyard.’

Here: A vineyard, a valuable and labor-heavy family holding. For Jewish hearers it was also a well-known picture of Israel as God's planting (Isaiah 5), and the very next parable (21:33) uses that picture openly.

Matthew 21:33 ἀμπελῶνα a vineyard

Listen to another parable: There was a landowner who planted a vineyard. He put a wall around it, dug a winepress in it, and built a tower. Then he rented it out to some tenants and went away on a journey.

Here: For Jewish hearers this was a well-known image of Israel as God's planting (Isaiah 5:7: 'the vineyard of the LORD of hosts is the house of Israel').

Matthew 21:39 ἀμπελῶνος vineyard

So they seized him and threw him out of the vineyard and killed him.

Here: The vineyard in the parable. Because of Isaiah 5:1–7, which v. 33 echoes, any Jewish hearer would take it as a picture of Israel, God's planting.

Matthew 21:40 ἀμπελῶνος, vineyard,

Therefore, when the owner of the vineyard returns, what will he do to those tenants?”

Here: The planted, fenced and equipped estate of v. 33. Phrased in the words of Isaiah 5, it recalls God's 'vineyard', Israel, and for many Jews of the time it was tied to the temple.

Matthew 21:41 ἀμπελῶνα vineyard

“He will bring those wretches to a wretched end,” they replied, “and will rent out the vineyard to other tenants who will give him his share of the fruit at harvest time.”

Here: Placed before its verb for contrast: the tenants are destroyed, but the vineyard goes on. Since Isaiah 5 the vineyard had been a known picture of Israel as God's planting.

Mark 12:1 ἀμπελῶνα A vineyard

Then Jesus began to speak to them in parables: “A man planted a vineyard. He put a wall around it, dug a wine vat, and built a watchtower. Then he rented it out to some tenants and went away on a journey.

Here: Placed first in the Greek sentence for emphasis. To Jewish ears 'a vineyard' straight away recalls Isaiah 5, where the vineyard is Israel and the planter is God.

Mark 12:2 ἀμπελῶνος. vineyard.

At harvest time, he sent a servant to the tenants to collect his share of the fruit of the vineyard.

Here: The vineyard the owner planted and equipped himself (12:1). To any Jewish listener this was the well-known picture of Israel as God's vineyard (Isaiah 5:1–7).

Mark 12:8 ἀμπελῶνος. vineyard.

So they seized the son, killed him, and threw him out of the vineyard.

Mark 12:9 ἀμπελῶνος; ἀμπελῶνα vineyard?, vineyard

What then will the owner of the vineyard do? He will come and kill those tenants and give the vineyard to others.

Here: The planted and protected vineyard of verse 1, built from Isaiah 5, where 'the vineyard of the LORD of hosts is the house of Israel' (Isa 5:7).

Luke 13:6 ἀμπελῶνι vineyard

Then Jesus told this parable: “A man had a fig tree that was planted in his vineyard. He went to look for fruit on it but did not find any.

Here: A cultivated, tended, usually walled plot. To Jewish ears it calls up Isaiah's 'song of the vineyard' (Isa 5:1–7), where the vineyard is Israel and the owner is God.

Luke 20:9 ἀμπελῶνα a vineyard

Then He proceeded to tell the people this parable: “A man planted a vineyard, rented it out to some tenants, and went away for a long time.

Here: A planted vine field. To an audience who knew Isaiah 5:7 ('the vineyard of the LORD of hosts is the house of Israel'), the word on its own called up God's people.

Luke 20:10 ἀμπελῶνος vineyard

At harvest time, he sent a servant to the tenants to collect his share of the fruit of the vineyard. But the tenants beat the servant and sent him away empty-handed.

Here: The vineyard the man planted (verse 9). For anyone who knew Isaiah 5:1–7, a vineyard planted by its owner who then expects fruit immediately calls up Israel as God's vineyard.

Luke 20:13 ἀμπελῶνος· vineyard;

‘What shall I do?’ asked the owner of the vineyard. ‘I will send my beloved son. Perhaps they will respect him.’

Here: The vineyard he planted and leased out (v. 9). The word calls up Isaiah 5, where the vineyard is Israel, the 'house of Israel' that God tended.

Luke 20:15 ἀμπελῶνος ἀμπελῶνος; vineyard, vineyard?

So they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him. What then will the owner of the vineyard do to them?

Luke 20:16 ἀμπελῶνα vineyard

He will come and kill those tenants and give the vineyard to others.” And when the people heard this, they said, “May such a thing never happen!”

1 Corinthians 9:7 ἀμπελῶνα a vineyard

Who serves as a soldier at his own expense? Who plants a vineyard and does not eat of its fruit? Who tends a flock and does not drink of its milk?

Here: A vineyard. Planting one took years of work before the first real harvest, which is why eating its fruit was felt to be the planter's natural reward (compare Deuteronomy 20:6).