גִּיל

1 Chronicles 16:31 וְתָגֵ֣ל and let it be glad

Let the heavens be glad, and the earth rejoice. Let them say among the nations, ‘The LORD reigns!’

Psalm 2:11 וְ֝גִ֗ילוּ and rejoice

Serve the LORD with fear, and rejoice with trembling.

Here: 'And exult.' The verb describes loud, outward rejoicing, the kind a crowd shows at a festival or a king's coronation. The rebel kings are told to join the celebration of Yahweh's rule instead of resisting it. A minority of scholars think the word here leans toward 'quiver' or 'be agitated' (see debates).

Psalm 9:14 אָ֝גִ֗ילָה I will rejoice

that I may declare all Your praises—that within the gates of Daughter Zion I may rejoice in Your salvation.

Here: 'Let me exult', the same 'let me' form as the first verb. Gil is lively, vocal, visible joy, the kind shown at festivals and victories, not a quiet inner contentment.

Psalm 13:4 יָ֝גִ֗ילוּ they will rejoice

lest my enemy say, “I have overcome him,” and my foes rejoice when I fall.

Here: Loud, visible rejoicing, often festive. Here it means gloating. The same verb comes back in verse 5 for the psalmist's own heart rejoicing in God's rescue.

Psalm 13:5 יָ֤גֵ֥ל may it rejoice

But I have trusted in Your loving devotion; my heart will rejoice in Your salvation.

Here: This is loud, exuberant joy. It is the same verb used of the enemies in verse 4, who 'rejoice' (yagilu) when the psalmist falls. The tagging reads it as a wish ("let my heart exult"). Most English versions read it as a confident future ("will rejoice"). Either way, the joy is still ahead of the psalmist.

Psalm 14:7 יָגֵ֥ל let him rejoice

Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion! When the LORD restores His captive people, let Jacob rejoice, let Israel be glad!

Here: A distinctly wish-form verb (the short form yāgēl, not the plain future yāgîl): 'let (Jacob) exult!'. It means loud, outward, celebratory joy.

Psalm 16:9 וַיָּ֣גֶל and it rejoiced

Therefore my heart is glad and my tongue rejoices; my body also will dwell securely.

Here: 'And it exulted.' Gîl is a stronger, more outward joy than śāmaḥ, sometimes linked to shouting or lively movement. The two verbs often appear as a pair (Ps 14:7; 32:11), and here they build up from gladness to exultation.

Psalm 21:1 יָּ֥גֶל he exults

For the choirmaster. A Psalm of David. O LORD, the king rejoices in Your strength. How greatly he exults in Your salvation!

Here: 'He exults'. This is a stronger and more outward word than samach in the first line. It suggests visible, loud, perhaps physical celebration. The two lines build from gladness to exultation.

Psalm 31:7 אָגִ֥ילָה I will rejoice

I will be glad and rejoice in Your loving devotion, for You have seen my affliction; You have known the anguish of my soul.

Here: A loud, outward kind of joy: exulting, even shouting. The -ah ending marks a resolve, 'let me exult' or 'I will exult', so the psalmist is deciding to praise, not reporting a feeling.

Psalm 32:11 וְ֭גִילוּ and be glad

Be glad in the LORD and rejoice, O righteous ones; shout for joy, all you upright in heart.

Here: "And exult!" A poetic word for lively, demonstrative joy, often paired with samach. The pairing works like an English doubling ("be glad and rejoice") and strengthens the call.

Psalm 35:9 תָּגִ֣יל it will rejoice

Then my soul will rejoice in the LORD and exult in His salvation.

Here: Open, voiced gladness: jubilation people can hear, not a private glow. The verb is in the form that usually points forward ('will rejoice'). It can also carry a wish ('let me rejoice'). Its subject is the feminine noun nefesh ('it will rejoice').

Psalm 48:11 תָּ֭גֵלְנָה they will be glad

Mount Zion is glad, the daughters of Judah rejoice, on account of Your judgments.

Here: A stronger, more outwardly shown word for joy than the first verb: exultation that comes out in shouting, song and probably dance. The feminine plural form matches 'daughters'. Like the first verb, it can be a statement or a wish.

Psalm 51:8 תָּ֝גֵ֗לְנָה let them rejoice

Let me hear joy and gladness; let the bones You have crushed rejoice.

Here: 'Let them exult', with 'them' (feminine plural) agreeing with 'bones'. Gil is lively joy, often loud and physical. The bones, once crushed, are pictured as dancing or shouting.

Psalm 53:6 יָגֵ֥ל let it be glad

Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion! When God restores His captive people, let Jacob rejoice, let Israel be glad!

Here: 'Let (Jacob) exult'. This is loud, outward rejoicing of the kind that goes with festivals and victory celebrations.

Psalm 89:16 יְגִיל֣וּן they rejoice !

They rejoice in Your name all day long, and in Your righteousness they exult.

Here: Joy that people can hear and see: shouting, the whole body taking part, the noise of a festival. The verb form describes something ongoing or habitual. The extra -n ending (the "!" in the supplied gloss) gives it a fuller, more emphatic sound: they keep on rejoicing.

Psalm 96:11 וְתָגֵ֣ל and let it be glad

Let the heavens be glad and the earth rejoice; let the sea resound, and all that fills it.

Here: "And let it exult." A short wish form. It is a stronger, more outward word than the first verb, joy you can see and hear, and it is paired with it the way Hebrew poetry pairs near-synonyms.

Psalm 97:1 תָּגֵ֣ל let it be glad

The LORD reigns, let the earth rejoice; let the distant shores be glad.

Here: A wish or summons form ('let her...'), feminine because 'earth' is feminine in Hebrew. The verb is the loud, exuberant kind of joy, the jubilation of a crowd at a festival or victory.

Psalm 97:8 וַ֭תָּגֵלְנָה and they were glad

Zion hears and rejoices, and the towns of Judah exult because of Your judgments, O LORD.

Here: 'And they exulted.' This is a feminine plural verb matching 'daughters'. It is a stronger, more outward word than śāmaḥ: joy that shows itself in shouting, singing and probably dancing.

Psalm 118:24 נָגִ֖ילָה let us be glad

This is the day that the LORD has made; we will rejoice and be glad in it.

Here: The verb form means 'let us': worshippers urging one another on. It is joy you can hear, the kind shouted at festivals and victories, and not just a private feeling.

Psalm 149:2 יָגִ֥ילוּ let them be glad

Let Israel rejoice in their Maker; let the children of Zion rejoice in their King.

Here: A plural wish: 'let them exult'. It runs parallel to 'rejoice' in the first line and is often louder: shouting, open delight. Verse 3 makes it physical with dancing and drums.

Proverbs 2:14 יָ֝גִ֗ילוּ they exult

from those who enjoy doing evil and rejoice in the twistedness of evil,

Here: "They exult": a stronger, louder joy than the first word. Elsewhere it is mostly used for jubilant rejoicing in God. The verb form describes ongoing, habitual behavior: this is what they do.

Proverbs 23:24 גִּ֣יל יָ֭גִיל certainly <to rejoice>, he rejoices

The father of a righteous man will greatly rejoice, and he who fathers a wise son will delight in him.

Here: This form names the action itself ('rejoicing') and comes before the main verb from the same root. Hebrew does this to make the verb stronger, so the pair means 'he will truly, greatly rejoice.' The root suggests joy that shows outwardly and loudly.

Proverbs 23:25 וְ֝תָגֵ֗ל and may she rejoice

May your father and mother be glad, and may she who gave you birth rejoice!

Proverbs 24:17 יָגֵ֥ל it rejoice

Do not gloat when your enemy falls, and do not let your heart rejoice when he stumbles,

Here: 'Let it not exult.' This is a strong, exuberant word for rejoicing, often in poetry and paired with samach. Here the subject is 'your heart,' so the ban reaches past outward celebration to the quiet glee inside.

Song of Songs 1:4 נָגִ֤ילָה let us rejoice

Take me away with you—let us hurry! May the king bring me to his chambers. We will rejoice and delight in you; we will praise your love more than wine. It is only right that they adore you.

Here: 'Let us exult'. Gil is loud, festive joy, the kind heard at feasts and celebrations. The speaker is now 'we', possibly the young women of verse 3 joining in.

Isaiah 9:3 יָגִ֖ילוּ people are glad

You have enlarged the nation and increased its joy. The people rejoice before You as they rejoice at harvest time, as men rejoice in dividing the plunder.

Here: 'They exult.' This word for joy is louder and more physical: whooping and jubilation. The form describes what people habitually do whenever spoil is shared out.

Isaiah 25:9 נָגִ֥ילָה let us be glad

And in that day it will be said, “Surely this is our God; we have waited for Him, and He has saved us. This is the LORD for whom we have waited. Let us rejoice and be glad in His salvation.”

Here: 'Let us...': the speakers call each other to rejoice. Gil is loud, outward joy, the kind that shows in shouting and festival.

Isaiah 29:19 יָגִֽילוּ׃ they will be glad

The humble will increase their joy in the LORD, and the poor among men will rejoice in the Holy One of Israel.

Here: "They will exult." A loud, demonstrative joy, often paired in poetry with the root of simchah. Its place at the very end of the verse gives the line a ringing close.

Isaiah 35:1 וְתָגֵ֧ל and let it be glad

The wilderness and the dry land will be glad; the desert will rejoice and blossom like a rose.

Here: 'And let it rejoice / and it will rejoice.' This is a short verb form often used for wishes, but in poetry it often works as a simple future. The word describes loud, outward joy, and verse 2 picks it up again ('rejoice with joy', gilat).

Isaiah 35:2 וְתָגֵ֗ל and let it be glad

It will bloom profusely and rejoice with joy and singing. The glory of Lebanon will be given to it, the splendor of Carmel and Sharon. They will see the glory of the LORD, the splendor of our God.

Here: The land is pictured as a person exulting. The form can be read as a wish ('let it rejoice') or a simple future; either way it continues the joy of verse 1, where the same verb is used of the desert.

Isaiah 41:16 תָּגִ֣יל you will be glad

You will winnow them, and a wind will carry them away; a gale will scatter them. But you will rejoice in the LORD; you will glory in the Holy One of Israel.

Here: Joy that people can see and hear: festive, loud, glad. It is often the joy of harvest or victory, which suits the threshing-floor setting.

Isaiah 49:13 וְגִ֣ילִי and be glad

Shout for joy, O heavens; rejoice, O earth; break forth in song, O mountains! For the LORD has comforted His people, and He will have compassion on His afflicted ones.

Here: "And exult!" The verb is feminine singular because 'earth' is feminine in Hebrew, so each part of creation is spoken to in correct grammar, one after another. The word means an outward, bursting delight that people could see.

Isaiah 61:10 תָּגֵ֤ל it may be glad

I will rejoice greatly in the LORD, my soul will exult in my God; for He has clothed me with garments of salvation and wrapped me in a robe of righteousness, as a bridegroom wears a priestly headdress, as a bride adorns herself with her jewels.

Here: 'Let it exult / it will exult' — a lively, demonstrative joy (often associated with shouting and dancing), parallel to the first verb.

Isaiah 65:18 וְגִ֙ילוּ֙ and be glad

But be glad and rejoice forever in what I create; for I will create Jerusalem to be a joy and its people to be a delight.

Here: A second plural command, 'and be glad!' Paired with sisu it doubles the joy into loud, outward, festive gladness.

Isaiah 65:19 וְגַלְתִּ֥י and I will be glad

I will rejoice in Jerusalem and take delight in My people. The sounds of weeping and crying will no longer be heard in her.

Here: "And I will exult." God is the subject. He now does the very thing he just told his people to do in v.18 ("be glad and rejoice," using the same two verbs). The verb form looks like a past tense, but joined to "and" it carries the promise forward: "and I will exult."

Isaiah 66:10 וְגִ֥ילוּ and be glad

Be glad for Jerusalem and rejoice over her, all who love her. Rejoice greatly with her, all who mourn over her,

Here: A second, more exuberant joy word, often tied to loud cries of delight. It is the same root as the 'joy' (gilah) God promises to create Jerusalem as in 65:18.

Hosea 10:5 יָגִ֔ילוּ they will tremble

The people of Samaria will fear for the calf of Beth-aven. Indeed, its people will mourn over it with its idolatrous priests—those who rejoiced in its glory—for it has been taken from them into exile.

Here: Usually 'rejoice'. Here it is either the priests' former cultic celebration ('who used to exult over it'), a bitter irony (their festive dancing turns into a death rite), or a rare sense of writhing or shrieking. The word is deliberately jarring next to 'mourn'.

Joel 2:21 גִּ֣ילִי be glad

Do not be afraid, O land; rejoice and be glad, for the LORD has done great things.

Here: A command to open, loud, outward joy, the kind of rejoicing heard at harvest and at festivals.

Joel 2:23 גִּ֤ילוּ be glad

Be glad, O children of Zion, and rejoice in the LORD your God, for He has given you the autumn rains for your vindication. He sends you showers, both autumn and spring rains, as before.

Here: A command: 'exult!' This is a loud, outward, festive joy. It deliberately reverses 1:16, where 'joy and gladness' (simchah va-gil) had been cut off from God's house.

Habakkuk 1:15 וְיָגִֽיל׃ and he may be glad

The foe pulls all of them up with a hook; he catches them in his dragnet, and gathers them in his fishing net; so he rejoices gladly.

Here: "And he exults": a stronger, more exuberant word than the one before it. Paired with śāmaḥ, it usually describes worshippers rejoicing in God. Here the conqueror exults over his haul. The supplied gloss 'may be glad' over-reads the form; it is simply 'and he exults'.

Habakkuk 3:18 אָגִ֖ילָה I will rejoice

yet I will exult in the LORD; I will rejoice in the God of my salvation!

Here: Also in the lengthened 'let me' form, and placed right after the first verb with no 'and' between them, which gives it more force. גִּיל is festive, outwardly expressed rejoicing. Elsewhere it is the joy of harvest and of dividing spoil (Isa 9:3), the very things verse 17 says are gone.

Zephaniah 3:17 יָגִ֥יל he will be glad

The LORD your God is among you; He is mighty to save. He will rejoice over you with gladness; He will quiet you with His love; He will rejoice over you with singing.”

Here: 'He will rejoice'. It is often paired with sus and simchah and is used for festival or victory joy. It echoes the call to Zion in v. 14, but now God is the one rejoicing.

Zechariah 9:9 גִּילִ֨י rejoice

Rejoice greatly, O Daughter of Zion! Shout in triumph, O Daughter of Jerusalem! See, your King comes to you, righteous and victorious, humble and riding on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey.

Here: A feminine singular command addressed to the city as a woman. The verb describes joy you can see and hear: exultation, sometimes with whirling or dancing. It is the joy of festival and victory, not quiet contentment.

Zechariah 10:7 יָגֵ֥ל it may rejoice

Ephraim will be like a mighty man, and their hearts will be glad as with wine. Their children will see it and be joyful; their hearts will rejoice in the LORD.

Here: A stronger, more exuberant joy word, often paired with samach in poetry. The supplied data parses it as a wish form ('may their heart exult'), but in this poetry it works as a confident promise. It is the high point of the verse.