καινός

Matthew 9:17 καινούς, new,

Neither do men pour new wine into old wineskins. If they do, the skins will burst, the wine will spill, and the wineskins will be ruined. Instead, they pour new wine into new wineskins, and both are preserved.”

Here: A different word for 'new' from the one used of the wine. It stresses the skins' condition: fresh, never used, still supple enough to stretch.

Matthew 13:52 καινὰ [things] new

Then He told them, “For this reason, every scribe who has been discipled in the kingdom of heaven is like a homeowner who brings out of his storeroom new treasures as well as old.”

Here: 'New things', new in kind and freshness, not merely recent. It comes first in the phrase, which is unusual and probably deliberate: the kingdom's new revelation leads.

Matthew 26:29 καινὸν anew

I tell you, I will not drink of this fruit of the vine from now on until that day when I drink it anew with you in My Father’s kingdom.”

Here: "New" in kind, belonging to the new order of things. It can be read as describing the wine ("drink it new") or the manner of drinking ("in a new way"). Either way it means more than "again".

Matthew 27:60 καινῷ new

and placed it in his own new tomb that he had cut into the rock. Then he rolled a great stone across the entrance to the tomb and went away.

Here: "New" in the sense of never used: no one had been buried there yet (Luke 23:53 and John 19:41 say this outright). So no other bones were in it and there could be no confusion about whose body it held.

Mark 1:27 καινὴ new

All the people were amazed and began to ask one another, “What is this? A new teaching with authority! He commands even the unclean spirits, and they obey Him!”

Here: New in kind or quality, not just recent. It is unlike anything they had heard from their usual teachers.

Mark 2:21 καινὸν new

No one sews a patch of unshrunk cloth on an old garment. If he does, the new piece will pull away from the old, and a worse tear will result.

Mark 2:22 καινούς new

And no one pours new wine into old wineskins. If he does, the wine will burst the skins, and both the wine and the wineskins will be ruined. Instead, new wine is poured into new wineskins.”

Here: 'Fresh, never used': skins that are still supple and can stretch as the wine works. Mark uses a different word for 'new' here than for the wine, and the switch is natural: young wine, unused skins.

Mark 14:25 καινὸν anew

Truly I tell you, I will no longer drink of the fruit of the vine until that day when I drink it anew in the kingdom of God.”

Luke 5:36 καινοῦ καινὸν καινοῦ. new, new.

He also told them a parable: “No one tears a piece of cloth from a new garment and sews it on an old one. If he does, he will tear the new garment as well, and the patch from the new will not match the old.

Luke 5:38 καινοὺς fresh

Instead, new wine is poured into new wineskins.

Luke 22:20 καινὴ new

In the same way, after supper He took the cup, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood, which is poured out for you.

Here: New in kind and quality, the long-promised renewed arrangement. It does not just mean recent.

John 13:34 καινὴν new

A new commandment I give you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you also must love one another.

Here: New in the sense of fresh and belonging to the new order Jesus is opening. Love of neighbour was already in the Law (Leviticus 19:18). What is new is the measure ('as I loved you') and the setting: the eve of his departure and the start of a new community.

John 19:41 καινὸν new

Now there was a garden in the place where Jesus was crucified, and in the garden a new tomb in which no one had yet been laid.

Here: 'New' in the sense of not yet used, fresh. The point is not that the tomb was recently built but that it had never held a body, as the next clause explains.

Acts 17:19 καινὴ new

So they took Paul and brought him to the Areopagus, where they asked him, “May we know what this new teaching is that you are presenting?

Acts 17:21 καινότερον.¶ new.

Now all the Athenians and foreigners who lived there spent their time doing nothing more than hearing and articulating new ideas.

1 Corinthians 11:25 καινὴ new

In the same way, after supper He took the cup, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood; do this, as often as you drink it, in remembrance of Me.”

Here: Echoes Jeremiah 31:31 (Greek Jeremiah 38:31), "I will make a new covenant". The covenant the prophets promised is said to arrive here.

2 Corinthians 3:6 καινῆς of a new

And He has qualified us as ministers of a new covenant, not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.

Here: New in kind, not just recent. It echoes Jeremiah's promised 'new covenant' (Jer 31:31), which is the only place the Hebrew Bible uses that exact phrase.

2 Corinthians 5:17 καινὴ καινά [he is] a new, new

Therefore if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation. The old has passed away. Behold, the new has come!

Here: New as in fresh, unprecedented, of a different order. In Jewish hope this is the word for what God does at the end: new heavens, new covenant, new song.

Galatians 6:15 καινὴ a new

For neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything. What counts is a new creation.

Here: New in the sense of fresh and unprecedented. In Jewish and early Christian writing it often carried the sense of the promised new age (new covenant, new heavens and earth).

Ephesians 2:15 καινὸν new

by abolishing in His flesh the law of commandments and decrees. He did this to create in Himself one new man out of the two, thus making peace

Here: New in kind: belonging to the new age God promised, not just recent or renovated. The same word appears in 'new covenant' and 'new creation'.

Ephesians 4:24 καινὸν new

and to put on the new self, created to be like God in true righteousness and holiness.

Here: New in kind: something fresh that has not existed before. It is the word used for the 'new covenant' and the 'new creation'. It stands against the 'old' (palaios) human of 4:22.

Hebrews 8:8 καινήν, new,

But God found fault with the people and said: “Behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah.

Here: 'New' in the sense of fresh, not like the old. Verse 9 makes the contrast explicit ('not like the covenant I made with their fathers'), and verse 13 builds the argument on this one word.

Hebrews 8:13 καινὴν new

By speaking of a new covenant, He has made the first one obsolete; and what is obsolete and aging will soon disappear.

Here: This is the single word quoted from Jeremiah 31:31 ("a new covenant"). It is feminine to match the unspoken word "covenant" (diathēkē). In Greek the adjective stands alone as a quotation: "by saying 'new'".

Hebrews 9:15 καινῆς new

Therefore Christ is the mediator of a new covenant, so that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance, now that He has died to redeem them from the transgressions committed under the first covenant.

Here: This is the word from Jeremiah 31:31 in the Greek Old Testament: "a new covenant". The noun has no article, so it says what kind of mediator he is: a new-covenant mediator.

2 Peter 3:13 καινοὺς καινὴν New, a new

But in keeping with God’s promise, we are looking forward to a new heaven and a new earth, where righteousness dwells.

Here: Placed first in the sentence for emphasis. "New" is the first thing the reader hears, set against the dissolving heavens of v. 12. It means new in kind and fresh, not worn out. It echoes Isaiah's "new heavens" (Isa 65:17).

1 John 2:7 καινὴν new

Beloved, I am not writing to you a new commandment, but an old one, which you have had from the beginning. This commandment is the message you have heard.

Here: 'New' in the sense of something not seen before or of a new kind. The author denies that he is bringing a novel command of that sort, yet in the very next verse he says that in another sense it *is* new.

1 John 2:8 καινὴν new

Then again, I am also writing to you a new commandment, which is true in Him and also in you. For the darkness is fading and the true light is already shining.

Here: New in the sense of belonging to the new age now arriving, not newly made up. Placed after the noun, it carries emphasis: 'a commandment, a *new* one.'

2 John 1:5 καινὴν new

And now I urge you, dear lady—not as a new commandment to you, but one we have had from the beginning—that we love one another.

Here: New in kind, unheard of before. The Elder denies the command is new in that sense, though Jesus called it a 'new commandment' (John 13:34). It is not new to these readers.

Revelation 2:17 καινὸν new

He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To the one who overcomes, I will give the hidden manna. I will also give him a white stone inscribed with a new name, known only to the one who receives it.

Here: New in kind, belonging to the coming age. This is the word Revelation uses for the 'new Jerusalem', 'new song' and 'all things new' (21:1–5). It echoes Isaiah 62:2 and 65:15, where God gives his people a new name.

Revelation 3:12 καινῆς καινόν. new, new.

The one who overcomes I will make a pillar in the temple of My God, and he will never again leave it. Upon him I will write the name of My God, and the name of the city of My God (the new Jerusalem that comes down out of heaven from My God), and My new name.

Here: New in kind and quality, belonging to God's renewed creation (21:1, 5), rather than simply recent.

Revelation 5:9 καινὴν new

And they sang a new song: “Worthy are You to take the scroll and open its seals, because You were slain, and by Your blood You purchased for God those from every tribe and tongue and people and nation.

Here: New because something unheard-of has happened: the slaughtered Lamb has won and takes the scroll. It isn't new simply because it was just written. The song belongs to the new order Revelation ends with ('I make all things new', 21:5).

Revelation 14:3 καινὴν new

And they sang a new song before the throne and before the four living creatures and the elders. And no one could learn the song except the 144,000 who had been redeemed from the earth.

Here: New in kind, not just recent. This is a song for a new act of rescue, and it belongs with the "new" things of God's coming age (new Jerusalem, new name, all things new).

Revelation 21:1 καινὸν καινήν. new, new.

Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and earth had passed away, and the sea was no more.

Here: New in kind or quality, fresh and never before seen. It comes after its noun ('a heaven, a new one'), which puts weight on it.

Revelation 21:2 καινὴν new

I saw the holy city, the new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.

Here: New in kind and quality, belonging to the new creation of 21:1 and 21:5. It has no article and comes after "Jerusalem", almost a title: "Jerusalem-made-new". It sets this city apart from the earthly Jerusalem, which had been destroyed in AD 70 and in 11:8 is spiritually called "Sodom and Egypt".

Revelation 21:5 καινὰ new

And the One seated on the throne said, “Behold, I make all things new.” Then He said, “Write this down, for these words are faithful and true.”

Here: Placed first for emphasis: 'NEW is what I make all things.' The sense is new in kind: fresh, unprecedented, belonging to the coming age. It picks up 'a new heaven and a new earth' (21:1) and 'the new Jerusalem' (21:2).