Hebrew word · H3470
יְשַׁעְיָ֫הוּ
yesha'yahu
Isaiah
'YHWH saves' (or 'Salvation of YHWH'), son of Amoz. The full name with the father's name is used in formal headings (1:1; 2:1; 13:1) and in the narratives (37:2, 21; 38:1).
Appears 39 times in 39 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
A prophet living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Ki.19.2;
son of: Amoz (H0531);
father of: Shear-jashub (H7610), Maher-shalal-hash-baz (H4122)
Also named: Hēsaias (Ἡσαΐας "Isaiah" G2268)
§ Isaiah or Jesaiah or Jeshaiah = "Jehovah has saved"
1) the major prophet, son of Amoz, who prophesied concerning Judah and Jerusalem during the days of kings Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah of Judah; author of the prophetic book by his name; tradition has it that he was sawn asunder in the trunk of a carob tree by king Manasseh and that this is the incident referred to in Heb 11:37
2) one of the 6 sons of Jeduthun
3) son of Rehabiah, a descendant of Moses through Gershom, and an ancestor of a Levite treasurer in the time of David
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
'YHWH saves' (or 'Salvation of YHWH'), son of Amoz. The full name with the father's name is used in formal headings (1:1; 2:1; 13:1) and in the narratives (37:2, 21; 38:1).
- Against the English
English 'Isaiah' hides the meaning of the name. 'Amoz' is sometimes confused with the prophet Amos.
- How it drifted
The Latin Vulgate wrote both names as 'Amos', and this led some early Christian writers to identify Isaiah's father with the prophet Amos. In Hebrew they are spelled differently: ʾāmôṣ ends in ṣ (tsade), while the prophet ʿāmôs begins with ʿayin and ends in s (samekh).
- Used elsewhere in the period
A later rabbinic tradition (Babylonian Talmud, Megillah 10b) makes Amoz a brother of King Amaziah, which would place Isaiah in the royal family. This is late and cannot be verified.
- Range of meaning
A personal name joining the root yšʿ, 'save, deliver, rescue, give victory', with -yāhû, a short form of the divine name YHWH. Meaning: 'YHWH saves', 'YHWH has saved', or 'YHWH is salvation'. The same root lies behind Joshua/Yehoshua, Hosea/Hoshea and, through Greek, the name Jesus.
- Against the English
'Isaiah' comes through Greek Ēsaias and Latin Isaias. The English form hides the meaning a Hebrew hearer caught at once.
- How it drifted
Readers who know the name means 'YHWH is salvation' may hear 'salvation' as the rescue of the soul for eternal life. In Isaiah's world yšʿ meant concrete rescue: deliverance from enemies, siege, oppression and exile, and the restoring of the people. The book later widens this into a cosmic renewal (chs. 40–66), but the root's first sense is rescue in history.
- Used elsewhere in the period
The long ending -yāhû is typical of names in Judah in the 8th–7th centuries BC, as seen on seals and seal-impressions of the period. In 2018 a clay seal-impression reading 'Belonging to Yeshaʿyah[u]', followed by broken letters some read as 'prophet', was published from the Ophel excavations in Jerusalem near a seal of Hezekiah. Whether it refers to this Isaiah is uncertain and debated. The noun yəšûʿâ ('salvation, deliverance') is a key word in the book (e.g., 12:2–3; 25:9; 49:6; 52:10).
Where it appears
2 Kings · 13
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2 Kings 19:2 יְשַֽׁעְיָ֥הוּ Isaiah
And he sent Eliakim the palace administrator, Shebna the scribe, and the leading priests, all wearing sackcloth, to the prophet Isaiah son of Amoz
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2 Kings 19:5 יְשַֽׁעַיָֽהוּ׃ Isaiah
So the servants of King Hezekiah went to Isaiah,
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2 Kings 19:6 יְשַֽׁעְיָ֔הוּ Isaiah
who replied, “Tell your master that this is what the LORD says: ‘Do not be afraid of the words you have heard, with which the servants of the king of Assyria have blasphemed Me.
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2 Kings 19:20 יְשַֽׁעְיָ֣הוּ Isaiah
Then Isaiah son of Amoz sent a message to Hezekiah: “This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: I have heard your prayer concerning Sennacherib king of Assyria.
Here: The name means 'Yahweh saves' or 'salvation of Yahweh'. It arrives right after Hezekiah has begged 'save us' (hoshiʿenu, 19:19), from the same root, so the answer comes through a man whose name is the answer.
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2 Kings 20:1 יְשַׁעְיָ֨הוּ Isaiah
In those days Hezekiah became mortally ill. The prophet Isaiah son of Amoz came to him and said, “This is what the LORD says: ‘Put your house in order, for you are about to die; you will not recover.’”
Here: The prophet's name means "YHWH saves" or "salvation of YHWH". Here he arrives with a death sentence. Within a few verses the same prophet brings the opposite message.
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2 Kings 20:4 יְשַׁעְיָ֔הוּ Isaiah
Before Isaiah had left the middle courtyard, the word of the LORD came to him, saying,
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2 Kings 20:7 יְשַֽׁעְיָ֔הוּ Isaiah
Then Isaiah said, “Prepare a poultice of figs.” So they brought it and applied it to the boil, and Hezekiah recovered.
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2 Kings 20:8 יְשַׁעְיָ֔הוּ Isaiah
Now Hezekiah had asked Isaiah, “What will be the sign that the LORD will heal me and that I will go up to the house of the LORD on the third day?”
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2 Kings 20:9 יְשַׁעְיָ֗הוּ Isaiah
And Isaiah had replied, “This will be a sign to you from the LORD that He will do what He has promised: Would you like the shadow to go forward ten steps, or back ten steps?”
Here: The prophet's name means 'Yahweh is salvation/rescue', which fits a scene in which Yahweh rescues the king from death. He speaks as Yahweh's authorised messenger.
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2 Kings 20:11 יְשַׁעְיָ֥הוּ Isaiah
So Isaiah the prophet called out to the LORD, and He brought the shadow back the ten steps it had descended on the stairway of Ahaz.
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2 Kings 20:14 יְשַֽׁעְיָ֣הוּ Isaiah
Then the prophet Isaiah went to King Hezekiah and asked, “Where did those men come from, and what did they say to you?” “They came from a distant land,” Hezekiah replied, “from Babylon.”
Here: The name means 'YHWH saves' or 'Salvation of YHWH'. This is the same prophet who has just announced Hezekiah's healing and his rescue from Assyria (20:1–11; chapters 19–20).
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2 Kings 20:16 יְשַׁעְיָ֖הוּ Isaiah
Then Isaiah said to Hezekiah, “Hear the word of the LORD:
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2 Kings 20:19 יְשַֽׁעְיָ֔הוּ Isaiah
But Hezekiah said to Isaiah, “The word of the LORD that you have spoken is good.” For he thought, “Will there not at least be peace and security in my lifetime?”
Here: The prophet ('Yahweh saves') who has just announced that the palace treasures and some of the king's descendants will be carried off to Babylon.
1 Chronicles · 4
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1 Chronicles 3:21 וִישַֽׁעְיָ֑ה and Jeshaiah
The descendants of Hananiah: Pelatiah, Jeshaiah, and the sons of Rephaiah, of Arnan, of Obadiah, and of Shecaniah.
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1 Chronicles 25:3 וִֽ֠ישַׁעְיָהוּ and Jeshaiah
From the sons of Jeduthun: Gedaliah, Zeri, Jeshaiah, Shimei, Hashabiah, and Mattithiah—six in all—under the direction of their father Jeduthun, who prophesied with the harp, giving thanks and praise to the LORD.
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1 Chronicles 25:15 יְשַֽׁעְיָ֔הוּ Jeshaiah
the eighth to Jeshaiah, his sons, and his brothers—12 in all;
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1 Chronicles 26:25 וִֽישַׁעְיָ֤הוּ and Jeshaiah
His relatives through Eliezer included Rehabiah his son, Jeshaiah his son, Joram his son, Zichri his son, and Shelomith his son.
2 Chronicles · 3
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2 Chronicles 26:22 יְשַֽׁעְיָ֥הוּ Isaiah
As for the rest of the acts of Uzziah, from beginning to end, they are recorded by the prophet Isaiah son of Amoz.
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2 Chronicles 32:20 וִֽישַֽׁעְיָ֧הוּ and Isaiah
In response, King Hezekiah and the prophet Isaiah son of Amoz cried out to heaven in prayer,
Here: The prophet Isaiah. His name means 'YHWH saves' or 'Salvation of YHWH', which fits a scene where Jerusalem is about to be rescued. The 'and' joins him to the king's prayer.
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2 Chronicles 32:32 יְשַֽׁעְיָ֤הוּ Isaiah
As for the rest of the acts of Hezekiah and his deeds of loving devotion, they are indeed written in the vision of the prophet Isaiah son of Amoz in the Book of the Kings of Judah and Israel.
Ezra · 2
Nehemiah · 1
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Nehemiah 11:7 יְשַֽׁעְיָֽה׃ Jeshaiah
From the descendants of Benjamin: Sallu son of Meshullam, the son of Joed, the son of Pedaiah, the son of Kolaiah, the son of Maaseiah, the son of Ithiel, the son of Jeshaiah;
Isaiah · 16
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Isaiah 1:1 יְשַֽׁעְיָ֣הוּ Isaiah
This is the vision concerning Judah and Jerusalem that Isaiah son of Amoz saw during the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.
Here: The prophet's name, made of the verb 'to save, rescue' plus the long form of God's name (-yahu, from YHWH). To a Hebrew ear it said 'YHWH saves' or 'YHWH is salvation', and rescue by YHWH is one of the book's great themes.
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Isaiah 2:1 יְשַֽׁעְיָ֖הוּ Isaiah
This is the message that was revealed to Isaiah son of Amoz concerning Judah and Jerusalem:
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Isaiah 7:3 יְשַׁעְיָהוּ֒ Isaiah
Then the LORD said to Isaiah, “Go out with your son Shear-jashub to meet Ahaz at the end of the aqueduct that feeds the upper pool, on the road to the Launderer’s Field,
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Isaiah 13:1 יְשַׁעְיָ֖הוּ Isaiah
This is the burden against Babylon that Isaiah son of Amoz received:
Here: The prophet's name, meaning 'YHWH saves' or 'Salvation is of YHWH'. The long form ending in -yāhû was common in Judah in the 8th century BC. Here it ties this oracle back to the same prophet named in 1:1 and 2:1.
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Isaiah 20:2 יְשַׁעְיָ֣הוּ Isaiah
the LORD had already spoken through Isaiah son of Amoz, saying, “Go, remove the sackcloth from your waist and the sandals from your feet.” And Isaiah did so, walking around naked and barefoot.
Here: The prophet's name, meaning 'Yahweh saves' or 'Yahweh is salvation'. That is an ironic fit for a sign warning Judah not to look to Egypt for rescue.
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Isaiah 20:3 יְשַׁעְיָ֖הוּ Isaiah
Then the LORD said, “Just as My servant Isaiah has gone naked and barefoot for three years as a sign and omen against Egypt and Cush,
Here: The name means 'Yahweh saves' or 'salvation of Yahweh'. That is a quiet irony here: the man whose name announces Yahweh's saving acts out the fact that Egypt cannot save.
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Isaiah 37:2 יְשַֽׁעְיָ֥הוּ Isaiah
And he sent Eliakim the palace administrator, Shebna the scribe, and the leading priests, all wearing sackcloth, to the prophet Isaiah son of Amoz
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Isaiah 37:5 יְשַׁעְיָֽהוּ׃ Isaiah
So the servants of King Hezekiah went to Isaiah,
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Isaiah 37:6 יְשַֽׁעְיָ֔הוּ Isaiah
who replied, “Tell your master that this is what the LORD says: ‘Do not be afraid of the words you have heard, with which the servants of the king of Assyria have blasphemed Me.
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Isaiah 37:21 יְשַֽׁעְיָ֣הוּ Isaiah
Then Isaiah son of Amoz sent a message to Hezekiah: “This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: Because you have prayed to Me concerning Sennacherib king of Assyria,
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Isaiah 38:1 יְשַׁעְיָ֨הוּ Isaiah
In those days Hezekiah became mortally ill. The prophet Isaiah son of Amoz came to him and said, “This is what the LORD says: ‘Put your house in order, for you are about to die; you will not recover.’”
Here: His name means "Yahweh saves." It is a quiet irony that the man bearing "Yahweh saves" brings a death sentence. Hezekiah's later song turns on this very word: "Yahweh is ready to save me" (38:20).
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Isaiah 38:4 יְשַׁעְיָ֖הוּ Isaiah
And the word of the LORD came to Isaiah, saying,
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Isaiah 38:21 יְשַׁעְיָ֔הוּ Isaiah
Now Isaiah had said, “Prepare a lump of pressed figs and apply it to the boil, and he will recover.”
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Isaiah 39:3 יְשַׁעְיָ֣הוּ Isaiah
Then the prophet Isaiah went to King Hezekiah and asked, “Where did those men come from, and what did they say to you?” “They came to me from a distant land,” Hezekiah replied, “from Babylon.”
Here: The name means 'YHWH saves' or 'Salvation is YHWH'. That is a pointed name to carry into a room where the king has just been courting a foreign ally.
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Isaiah 39:5 יְשַׁעְיָ֖הוּ Isaiah
Then Isaiah said to Hezekiah, “Hear the word of the LORD of Hosts:
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Isaiah 39:8 יְשַׁעְיָ֔הוּ Isaiah
But Hezekiah said to Isaiah, “The word of the LORD that you have spoken is good.” For he thought, “At least there will be peace and security in my lifetime.”
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.