שׂוּם

Ezra 4:19 שִׂ֣ים it was made

I issued a decree, and a search was conducted. It was discovered that this city has revolted against kings from ancient times, engaging in rebellion and sedition.

Ezra 4:21 שִׂ֣ימוּ יִתְּשָֽׂם׃ make, it will be made

Now, therefore, issue an order for these men to stop, so that this city will not be rebuilt until I so order.

Ezra 5:3 שָׂ֨ם did he make

At that time Tattenai the governor of the region west of the Euphrates, Shethar-bozenai, and their associates went to the Jews and asked, “Who authorized you to rebuild this temple and restore this structure?”

Ezra 5:8 מִתְּשָׂ֣ם [is] being set

Let it be known to the king that we went into the province of Judah, to the house of the great God. The people are rebuilding it with large stones and placing timbers in the walls. This work is being carried out diligently and is prospering in their hands.

Here: 'Is being set/laid', another passive participle of ongoing work. The beams are being placed as construction goes on.

Ezra 5:9 שָׂ֨ם did he make

So we questioned the elders and asked, “Who authorized you to rebuild this temple and restore this structure?”

Ezra 5:13 שָׂ֣ם he made

In the first year of his reign, however, Cyrus king of Babylon issued a decree to rebuild this house of God.

Ezra 5:14 שָׂמֵֽהּ׃ he had made him

He also removed from the temple of Babylon the gold and silver articles belonging to the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar had taken and carried there from the temple in Jerusalem. King Cyrus gave these articles to a man named Sheshbazzar, whom he appointed governor

Here: 'He had set him [as governor].' This is the verb of v.13, where Cyrus 'set a decree.' Both the rebuilding order and Sheshbazzar's post came from the king.

Ezra 5:17 שִׂ֣ים it was made

Now, therefore, if it pleases the king, let a search be made of the royal archives in Babylon to see if King Cyrus did indeed issue a decree to rebuild the house of God in Jerusalem. Then let the king send us his decision in this matter.

Ezra 6:1 שָׂ֣ם he made

Thus King Darius ordered a search of the archives stored in the treasury of Babylon.

Ezra 6:3 שָׂ֣ם he made

In the first year of King Cyrus, he issued a decree concerning the house of God in Jerusalem: Let the house be rebuilt as a place for offering sacrifices, and let its foundations be firmly laid. It is to be sixty cubits high and sixty cubits wide,

Here: 'Set a decree' is the standard Imperial Aramaic phrase for issuing an official order (compare Dan 3:10, 29; Ezra 4:19; 6:1). It means 'issued' or 'decreed'.

Ezra 6:8 שִׂ֣ים it is made

I hereby decree what you must do for these elders of the Jews who are rebuilding this house of God: The cost is to be paid in full to these men from the royal treasury out of the taxes of the provinces west of the Euphrates, so that the work will not be hindered.

Ezra 6:11 שִׂ֣ים it is made

I also decree that if any man interferes with this directive, a beam is to be torn from his house and raised up, and he is to be impaled on it. And his own house shall be made a pile of rubble for this offense.

Ezra 6:12 שָׂ֣מֶת I make

May God, who has caused His Name to dwell there, overthrow any king or people who lifts a hand to alter this decree or to destroy this house of God in Jerusalem. I, Darius, have issued the decree. Let it be carried out with diligence.

Here: "I have set". The past-tense form is the one used for official announcements, so the sense is "I hereby issue". "Setting a decree" is the regular court phrase for making law.

Ezra 7:13 שִׂ֣ים it is made

I hereby decree that any volunteers among the Israelites in my kingdom, including the priests and Levites, may go up with you to Jerusalem.

Ezra 7:21 שִׂ֣ים it is made

I, King Artaxerxes, decree to all the treasurers west of the Euphrates: Whatever Ezra the priest, the scribe of the Law of the God of heaven, may require of you, it must be provided promptly,

Daniel 2:5 יִתְּשָׂמֽוּן׃ they will be made

The king replied to the astrologers, “My word is final: If you do not tell me the dream and its interpretation, you will be cut into pieces and your houses will be reduced to rubble.

Daniel 3:10 שָׂ֣מְתָּ you made

You, O king, have issued a decree that everyone who hears the sound of the horn, flute, zither, lyre, harp, pipes, and all kinds of music must fall down and worship the golden statue,

Daniel 3:12 שָׂ֨מֽוּ they have set

But there are some Jews you have appointed to manage the province of Babylon—Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego—who have ignored you, O king, and have refused to serve your gods or worship the golden statue you have set up.”

Here: 'They have (not) set', part of the idiom 'set ṭeʿem upon', meaning 'pay heed to'. It plays against v. 10, where the king 'set a ṭeʿem', a decree: he issued an order, and they did not take it to heart.

Daniel 3:29 שִׂ֣ים it is made

Therefore I decree that the people of any nation or language who say anything offensive against the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego will be cut into pieces and their houses reduced to rubble. For there is no other god who can deliver in this way.”

Here: A passive form: '(a decree) is set/laid down'. Paired with ṭəʿēm, it is the stock phrase for issuing a royal order.

Daniel 4:6 שִׂ֣ים it was made

So I issued a decree that all the wise men of Babylon be brought before me to interpret the dream for me.

Daniel 5:12 שָׂם־ he made

did this because Daniel, the one he named Belteshazzar, was found to have an extraordinary spirit, as well as knowledge, understanding, and the ability to interpret dreams, explain riddles, and solve difficult problems. Summon Daniel, therefore, and he will give you the interpretation.”

Here: 'Set, imposed'. Giving someone a name was an act of ownership and authority over them.

Daniel 6:13 שָׂ֨ם he has set

Then they told the king, “Daniel, one of the exiles from Judah, shows no regard for you, O king, or for the decree that you have signed. He still makes his petition three times a day.”

Daniel 6:14 שָׂ֥ם he set

As soon as the king heard this, he was deeply distressed and set his mind on delivering Daniel, and he labored until sundown to rescue him.

Daniel 6:17 וְשֻׂמַ֖ת and it was set

A stone was brought and placed over the mouth of the den, and the king sealed it with his own signet ring and with the rings of his nobles, so that nothing concerning Daniel could be changed.

Daniel 6:26 שִׂ֣ים it is made

I hereby decree that in every part of my kingdom, men are to tremble in fear before the God of Daniel: For He is the living God, and He endures forever; His kingdom will never be destroyed, and His dominion will never end.

Here: "Is set / is issued." This is the standard verb for putting a royal order into force: a decree is "placed" and so takes legal effect.