בָּגַד

Exodus 21:8 בְּבִגְדוֹ־ because has dealt treacherously he

If she is displeasing in the eyes of her master who had designated her for himself, he must allow her to be redeemed. He has no right to sell her to foreigners, since he has broken faith with her.

Judges 9:23 וַיִּבְגְּד֥וּ and they dealt treacherously

God sent a spirit of animosity between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem and caused them to treat Abimelech deceitfully,

1 Samuel 14:33 בְּגַדְתֶּ֔ם you have acted treacherously

Then someone reported to Saul: “Look, the troops are sinning against the LORD by eating meat with the blood still in it.” “You have broken faith,” said Saul. “Roll a large stone over here at once.”

Job 6:15 בָּגְד֣וּ they have acted treacherously

But my brothers are as faithless as wadis, as seasonal streams that overflow,

Psalm 25:3 הַבּוֹגְדִ֥ים those [who] act treacherously

Surely none who wait for You will be put to shame; but those who engage in treachery without cause will be disgraced.

Here: "The betrayers": people who break faith inside a relationship of trust, as with a spouse, ally or covenant partner. Like "those who hope" in the first half, it is a verb form used as a name for a kind of person.

Psalm 59:5 בֹּ֖גְדֵי [those who] act treacherously of

O LORD God of Hosts, the God of Israel, rouse Yourself to punish all the nations; show no mercy to the wicked traitors. Selah

Psalm 73:15 בָגָֽדְתִּי׃ I dealt treacherously with

If I had said, “I will speak this way,” then I would have betrayed Your children.

Psalm 78:57 וַֽ֭יִּבְגְּדוּ and they acted treacherously

They turned back and were faithless like their fathers, twisted like a faulty bow.

Here: They broke faith inside a relationship that bound them, the verb used for an unfaithful spouse or an ally who breaks a treaty. It names a betrayal of loyalty, not a lack of belief.

Psalm 119:158 בֹ֭גְדִים [those who] act treacherously

I look on the faithless with loathing because they do not keep Your word.

Proverbs 2:22 וּ֝בוֹגְדִ֗ים and treacherous [people]

but the wicked will be cut off from the land, and the unfaithful will be uprooted.

Here: 'And the treacherous': literally 'those who betray', people who break faith with a partner, an agreement, a friend or God. The form describes ongoing behaviour, the betrayers as a type of person.

Proverbs 11:3 בּוֹגְדִ֣ים treacherous [people]

The integrity of the upright guides them, but the perversity of the faithless destroys them.

Here: Those who break faith, who betray a relationship or agreement they were bound to keep. It describes disloyalty, not just general wrongdoing.

Proverbs 11:6 בֹּגְדִ֥ים treacherous [people]

The righteousness of the upright delivers them, but the faithless are trapped by their own desires.

Here: People who break faith: they betray a spouse, partner, ally or covenant. These are not simply 'sinners' in general. They are people who exploit trust, the exact opposite of the 'straight ones.'

Proverbs 13:2 בֹּגְדִ֣ים treacherous [people]

From the fruit of his lips a man enjoys good things, but the desire of the faithless is violence.

Here: "Treacherous people": those who are in the habit of breaking faith. They betray a relationship or obligation they were bound to keep. This is a specific kind of wrongdoing, not sin in general.

Proverbs 13:15 בֹּגְדִ֣ים treacherous [people]

Good understanding wins favor, but the way of the faithless is difficult.

Here: 'Those who betray': people who break faith with a spouse, a partner, a covenant or God. The word means betraying trust, not breaking rules in general.

Proverbs 21:18 בּוֹגֵֽד׃ [one who] acts treacherously

The wicked become a ransom for the righteous, and the faithless for the upright.

Proverbs 22:12 בֹגֵֽד׃ [one who] acts treacherously

The LORD’s eyes keep watch over knowledge, but He frustrates the words of the faithless.

Here: A participle used as a noun: "the one who breaks faith". It does not mean any sinner. It is someone who betrays a relationship of trust: a spouse, an ally, a covenant partner, a friend.

Proverbs 23:28 וּ֝בוֹגְדִ֗ים and treacherous [people]

Like a robber she lies in wait and multiplies the faithless among men.

Proverbs 25:19 בּ֝וֹגֵ֗ד [one who] acts treacherously

Like a broken tooth or a foot out of joint is confidence in a faithless man in time of trouble.

Here: Someone who breaks faith in a relationship where loyalty was owed: a friend, ally, partner or spouse. This is not someone with no religious belief. It is someone who turns out to be disloyal.

Isaiah 21:2 הַבּוֹגֵ֤ד׀ בּוֹגֵד֙ the traitor, [is] acting treacherously

A dire vision is declared to me: “The traitor still betrays, and the destroyer still destroys. Go up, O Elam! Lay siege, O Media! I will put an end to all her groaning.”

Here: 'The faithless one, the betrayer': someone who breaks the trust a relationship or agreement calls for. In Isaiah and Habakkuk the word also fits ruthless raiders and empires.

Isaiah 24:16 בֹּגְדִ֣ים בָּגָ֔דוּ בּוֹגְדִ֖ים בָּגָֽדוּ׃ [those who] act treacherously, they act treacherously

From the ends of the earth we hear singing: “Glory to the Righteous One.” But I said, “I am wasting away! I am wasting away! Woe is me.” The treacherous betray; the treacherous deal in treachery.

Here: 'Traitors', literally 'those who betray': people who break faith with those they are bound to. The word is used for covenant-breakers and for unfaithful spouses.

Isaiah 33:1 וּבוֹגֵ֖ד בָ֣גְדוּ לִבְגֹּ֖ד יִבְגְּדוּ־ and [the] traitor, people have dealt treacherously, to deal treacherously, people will deal treacherously

Woe to you, O destroyer never destroyed, O traitor never betrayed! When you have finished destroying, you will be destroyed. When you have finished betraying, you will be betrayed.

Here: 'And one who breaks faith.' The word is used for breaking a marriage, a friendship, or (as here) a political agreement. It pairs violence (devastating) with deceit (betraying).

Isaiah 48:8 בָּג֣וֹד תִּבְגּ֔וֹד certainly <to act treacherously>, you will act treacherously

You have never heard; you have never understood; for a long time your ears have not been open. For I knew how deceitful you are; you have been called a rebel from birth.

Here: A verb form that repeats the action for emphasis ('betraying'). Placed before the next word it means 'you would certainly, thoroughly betray'.

Jeremiah 3:8 בֹּֽגֵדָ֤ה treacherous

She saw that because faithless Israel had committed adultery, I gave her a certificate of divorce and sent her away. Yet that unfaithful sister Judah had no fear and prostituted herself as well.

Here: "Treacherous", the second name in the verse's pair of nicknames: "Turning-Away Israel" and "Treacherous Judah". The verb is used for betraying a spouse or a trust.

Jeremiah 3:11 מִבֹּגֵדָ֖ה more than [the] treacherous [one]

And the LORD said to me, “Faithless Israel has shown herself more righteous than unfaithful Judah.

Jeremiah 3:20 בָּגְדָ֥ה בְּגַדְתֶּ֥ם she deals treacherously, you have dealt treacherously

But as a woman may betray her husband, so you have betrayed Me, O house of Israel,” declares the LORD.

Jeremiah 5:11 בָג֨וֹד בָּגְד֜וּ certainly <to deal treacherously>, they have dealt treacherously

For the house of Israel and the house of Judah have been utterly unfaithful to Me,” declares the LORD.

Jeremiah 9:2 בֹּגְדִֽים׃ treacherous [people]

If only I had a traveler’s lodge in the wilderness, I would abandon my people and depart from them, for they are all adulterers, a crowd of faithless people.

Here: 'Betrayers': people who break faith inside a relationship of trust, as in marriage (Jer 3:20; Mal 2:14) or covenant. It fits 'adulterers' closely: both words describe broken loyalty.

Jeremiah 12:1 בֹּ֥גְדֵי [those who] act treacherously of

Righteous are You, O LORD, when I plead before You. Yet about Your judgments I wish to contend with You: Why does the way of the wicked prosper? Why do all the faithless live at ease?

Here: "Betrayers of." These are people who break faith with a bond of loyalty: covenant, marriage, kinship. In verse 6 the same verb is used of Jeremiah's own brothers.

Jeremiah 12:6 בָּ֣גְדוּ they have dealt treacherously

Even your brothers—your own father’s household—even they have betrayed you; even they have cried aloud against you. Do not trust them, though they speak well of you.

Here: 'They have betrayed'. They broke the loyalty that kinship required. Jeremiah uses the same verb for Israel's unfaithfulness to God, pictured as a wife leaving her husband. The verb form presents it as something already done, and done secretly.

Lamentations 1:2 בָּ֣גְדוּ they have dealt treacherously

She weeps aloud in the night, with tears upon her cheeks. Among all her lovers there is no one to comfort her. All her friends have betrayed her; they have become her enemies.

Here: 'They broke faith'. This is the standard Hebrew verb for betraying a relationship of loyalty: marriage, covenant, alliance. The completed-action form presents the betrayal as a done deed.

Hosea 5:7 בָּגָ֔דוּ they have dealt treacherously

They have been unfaithful to the LORD; for they have borne illegitimate children. Now the New Moon will devour them along with their land.

Hosea 6:7 בָּ֥גְדוּ they dealt treacherously

But they, like Adam, have transgressed the covenant; there they were unfaithful to Me.

Here: To betray a trust, to be faithless toward someone you are bound to. It is used of a wife betraying her husband (Jer 3:20) and of breaking faith with a marriage partner (Mal 2:14). In Hosea, where Israel is pictured as God's unfaithful wife, the word has marital overtones (compare 5:7).

Habakkuk 1:13 בּֽוֹגְדִ֔ים treacherous [people]

Your eyes are too pure to look upon evil, and You cannot tolerate wrongdoing. So why do You tolerate the faithless? Why are You silent while the wicked swallow up those more righteous than themselves?

Here: People who break faith: betrayers of a covenant, a marriage or an alliance. Here it is most likely the Babylonians (compare 2:5) or the violent in general. The word is about betrayal, not about lacking religious belief.

Habakkuk 2:5 בּוֹגֵ֔ד [is] treacherous

and wealth indeed betrays him. He is an arrogant man never at rest. He enlarges his appetite like Sheol, and like Death, he is never satisfied. He gathers all the nations to himself and collects all the peoples as his own.

Here: A present participle: wine is something that keeps on betraying. It is the vocabulary of broken loyalty. It promises to serve and then turns traitor. The same root describes the "treacherous" Babylonians in 1:13.

Malachi 2:10 נִבְגַּד֙ do we deal treacherously

Do we not all have one Father? Did not one God create us? Why then do we break faith with one another so as to profane the covenant of our fathers?

Here: 'Do we betray.' This is the disloyalty of someone who owes faithfulness to a partner, relative or ally. The verb form points to ongoing, habitual behavior, and the 'we' includes the prophet. The word becomes the refrain of 2:10–16.

Malachi 2:11 בָּגְדָ֣ה it has acted treacherously

Judah has broken faith; an abomination has been committed in Israel and in Jerusalem. For Judah has profaned the LORD’s beloved sanctuary by marrying the daughter of a foreign god.

Here: "Has betrayed." It means breaking faith with someone you are bound to, and it is the key word of this passage (2:10, 11, 14, 15, 16). The verb is feminine: Judah is pictured as a community, and perhaps as an unfaithful wife.

Malachi 2:14 בָּגַ֣דְתָּה you have dealt treacherously

Yet you ask, “Why?” It is because the LORD has been a witness between you and the wife of your youth, against whom you have broken faith, though she is your companion and your wife by covenant.

Here: “You have betrayed.” The verb is used for breaking faith with someone you are bound to: a partner, an ally, a spouse. It is the keyword of 2:10–16 and appears five times there.

Malachi 2:15 יִבְגֹּֽד׃ anyone deal treacherously

Has not the LORD made them one, having a portion of the Spirit? And why one? Because He seeks godly offspring. So guard yourselves in your spirit and do not break faith with the wife of your youth.

Here: 'Let him not betray / break faith', in the third person: 'let no one betray'. This verb runs through Malachi 2:10–16 (five times). It means violating a bond one is pledged to keep, so here it is covenant betrayal of a wife, not merely unkindness.

Malachi 2:16 תִבְגֹּֽדוּ׃ ס you must act treacherously

“For I hate divorce,” says the LORD, the God of Israel. “He who divorces his wife covers his garment with violence,” says the LORD of Hosts. So guard yourselves in your spirit and do not break faith.

Here: 'You shall not betray.' This is the fifth use of the word in vv. 10–16, the passage's key verb: breaking trust within a covenant relationship.