γονεύς

Matthew 10:21 γονεῖς parents

Brother will betray brother to death, and a father his child; children will rise against their parents and have them put to death.

Here: Father and mother together, the people the Fifth Commandment orders children to honour (Exodus 20:12). Matthew quotes that command in 15:4 and 19:19.

Mark 13:12 γονεῖς parents

Brother will betray brother to death, and a father his child. Children will rise against their parents and have them put to death.

Luke 2:27 γονεῖς parents

Led by the Spirit, he went into the temple courts. And when the parents brought in the child Jesus to do for Him what was customary under the Law,

Here: Joseph and Mary. Luke calls them 'the parents' without hesitating, even after telling of the virginal conception (1:34–35). Joseph is the legal father who acts for the child under the Law.

Luke 2:41 γονεῖς parents

Every year His parents went to Jerusalem for the Feast of the Passover.

Luke 2:43 γονεῖς parents

When those days were over and they were returning home, the boy Jesus remained behind in Jerusalem, but His parents were unaware He had stayed.

Here: "Parents": Joseph and Mary together. Luke calls them this freely (2:27, 41, 43) even though he has already told the reader about the virginal conception (1:34–35).

Luke 8:56 γονεῖς parents

Her parents were astounded, but Jesus ordered them not to tell anyone what had happened.

Luke 18:29 γονεῖς parents

“Truly I tell you,” Jesus replied, “no one who has left home or wife or brothers or parents or children for the sake of the kingdom of God

Here: Parents, the people to whom a son owed honor, support in old age and burial under the commandment “honor your father and mother.” Luke uses this one word where Mark has “mother or father.”

Luke 21:16 γονέων parents

You will be betrayed even by parents and brothers and relatives and friends, and some of you will be put to death.

Here: 'Parents', the head of the household's authority, the people a son or daughter owed obedience and honour to under the fifth commandment. Placed first, it is the most shocking source of betrayal.

John 9:2 γονεῖς parents

and His disciples asked Him, “Rabbi, who sinned, this man or his parents, that he was born blind?”

Here: The second option is that the father and/or mother sinned and the child carries the consequence. The parents appear again later in the chapter (9:18–23), afraid of being expelled from the synagogue.

John 9:3 γονεῖς parents

Jesus answered, “Neither this man nor his parents sinned, but this happened so that the works of God would be displayed in him.

Here: Father and mother. The disciples' question assumed a parent's guilt might pass to a child (compare Exodus 20:5). These same parents show up later in the chapter, afraid to testify (9:18–23).

John 9:18 γονεῖς parents

The Jews still did not believe that the man had been blind and had received his sight until they summoned his parents

Here: Father and mother, the people best placed to say who this man is and whether he was born blind.

John 9:20 γονεῖς parents

His parents answered, “We know he is our son, and we know he was born blind.

Here: "Parents," meaning father and mother together. They have been called in as witnesses because they can speak about the man's birth.

John 9:22 γονεῖς parents

His parents said this because they were afraid of the Jews. For the Jews had already determined that anyone who confessed Jesus as the Christ would be put out of the synagogue.

Here: Mother and father. They were called in as witnesses because family members could vouch that the man really was born blind (9:18–19).

John 9:23 γονεῖς parents

That was why his parents said, “He is old enough. Ask him.”

Here: The father and mother of the man born blind, called in (v. 18) because the authorities doubted he had ever been blind. As parents they were the obvious witnesses to his birth condition.

Romans 1:30 γονεῦσιν to parents

slanderers, God-haters, insolent, arrogant, and boastful. They invent new forms of evil; they disobey their parents.

Here: In the dative case: 'toward parents'. It is placed first for emphasis, so the stress falls on whom they disobey. In the ancient world honouring parents was among the most basic duties a person had.

2 Corinthians 12:14 γονεῦσιν γονεῖς parents

See, I am ready to come to you a third time, and I will not be a burden, because I am not seeking your possessions, but you. For children should not have to save up for their parents, but parents for their children.

Here: The ones who would benefit if children saved up. Paul, as the community's 'father', fills this role.

Ephesians 6:1 γονεῦσιν parents

Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right.

Here: "Those who gave birth": mother and father together. Roman law put authority over children in the father alone, so including the mother is worth noticing. It looks ahead to "father and mother" in verse 2.

Colossians 3:20 γονεῦσιν parents

Children, obey your parents in everything, for this is pleasing to the Lord.

Here: 'Those who begot', meaning both parents. Mother and father together are owed the child's obedience, even though the next verse speaks only to fathers.

2 Timothy 3:2 γονεῦσιν to parents

For men will be lovers of themselves, lovers of money, boastful, arrogant, abusive, disobedient to their parents, ungrateful, unholy,

Here: 'To parents', the object of the next word. Jews, Greeks and Romans alike counted duty to parents among the most basic obligations.