Greek word · G1166
δεικνύω
deiknyō
to show
To show, point out, display; to make known; to demonstrate or prove, whether by argument or by example.
Appears 33 times in 31 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·
What it means
δείκνυμι, δεικνύω (see Bl., § 23, 1; Veitch, see word),
[in LXX chiefly for רָאָה hi. ;]
to show, with accusative of thing(s) (of person(s)), dative of person(s);
(a) to show, exhibit: Matthew 4:8 8:4, Mark 1:44 14:15, Luke 4:5 5:14 20:24 22:12 24:40, John 2:18 5:20 10:32; 20:20 Acts 7:3" (LXX), 1 Timothy 6:15, Revelation 17:1 21:9, 10 22:1, 8, pass., Hebrews 8:5 (LXX);
(b) to make known: Matthew 16:21, John 14:8, 9, Acts 10:28, 1 Corinthians 12:31, Revelation 1:1 4:1 22:6;
(with) to prove: James 2:18 3:13.†
(AS)
From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
To show, point out, display; to make known; to demonstrate or prove, whether by argument or by example.
- Against the English
“Show” (all versions) is accurate. The point to notice is that the verb is used for proof by display. James is asking for evidence that can be seen, not for someone to state their faith more sincerely.
- Used elsewhere in the period
In Greek of the period it is often used for demonstrating a claim (e.g. proving something to a judge or an opponent). James uses it again at 3:13: “Let him show (δειξάτω) by his good conduct his works in the meekness of wisdom.”
- Range of meaning
To show, display or point out; to make known by demonstration; to explain or prove.
- Against the English
'Show' is accurate. The aorist command (δεῖξον) asks for one specific act of showing, which English 'show us' does not mark.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Greek Exodus 33:18: Moses says, 'Show me your glory' (Δεῖξόν μοι τὴν σεαυτοῦ δόξαν). God answers that Moses may see his back but not his face (33:20-23). In John, the Father 'shows' the Son everything he does (5:20), and Jesus has 'shown' many good works from the Father (10:32).
- Range of meaning
To show, point out, display, demonstrate, prove.
- Against the English
All the main versions say 'show'. Some (BSB, NIV) add 'it' and split the clause into two parallel phrases, which reads smoothly but blurs the Greek structure, where 'his works' is what is shown.
- Used elsewhere in the period
James 2:18: 'Show me your faith apart from works, and I will show you my faith by my works.' The same verb and the same logic: an inner claim is proven by visible deeds.
Where it appears
Matthew · 3
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Matthew 4:8 δείκνυσιν shows
Again, the devil took Him to a very high mountain and showed Him all the kingdoms of the world and their glory.
Here: 'Shows.' This is another vivid present. In the Greek Old Testament the same verb is used when God 'showed' Moses the whole promised land from Mount Nebo (Deut 34:1). Here the devil plays the role God played there.
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Matthew 8:4 δεῖξον do show
Then Jesus instructed him, “See that you don’t tell anyone. But go, show yourself to the priest and offer the gift prescribed by Moses, as a testimony to them.”
Here: Present yourself for inspection. Echoes Leviticus 13–14, where the person with the disease is brought to the priest to be examined.
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Matthew 16:21 δεικνύειν to show
From that time on Jesus began to show His disciples that He must go to Jerusalem and suffer many things at the hands of the elders, chief priests, and scribes, and that He must be killed and on the third day be raised to life.
Here: Where Mark has "to teach," Matthew has "to show." The word suggests making something plain or proving it. The present tense describes ongoing instruction: he kept laying it out for them.
Mark · 2
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Mark 1:44 δεῖξον do show
“See that you don’t tell anyone. But go, show yourself to the priest and present the offering Moses prescribed for your cleansing, as a testimony to them.”
Here: "Present yourself for inspection." This echoes the Torah procedure in which a person with a skin condition is "brought to the priest" to be examined (Lev 13:2; 14:2).
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Mark 14:15 δείξει will show
And he will show you a large upper room, furnished and ready. Make preparations for us there.”
Luke · 5
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Luke 4:5 ἔδειξεν he showed
Then the devil led Him up to a high place and showed Him in an instant all the kingdoms of the world.
Here: 'He showed', a single complete act. The same verb is used when God 'showed' Moses the promised land from Mount Nebo (Deuteronomy 34:1, Greek version).
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Luke 5:14 δεῖξον do show
“Do not tell anyone,” Jesus instructed him. “But go, show yourself to the priest and present the offering Moses prescribed for your cleansing, as a testimony to them.”
Here: A direct command: present yourself to be examined. This is the formal inspection required in Leviticus 13–14, where 'the priest shall look' decides whether a person is clean.
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Luke 20:24 δείξατέ do show
“Show Me a denarius. Whose image and inscription are on it?” “Caesar’s,” they answered.
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Luke 22:12 δείξει will show
And he will show you a large upper room, already furnished. Make preparations there.”
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Luke 24:40 ἔδειξεν He showed
And when He had said this, He showed them His hands and feet.
John · 7
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John 2:18 δεικνύεις show You
On account of this, the Jews demanded, “What sign can You show us to prove Your authority to do these things?”
Here: Present tense, "are you showing us?", with the sense "what will you show us?" They want something put in front of their eyes, here and now.
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John 5:20 δείκνυσιν δείξει shows, He will show
The Father loves the Son and shows Him all He does. And to your amazement, He will show Him even greater works than these.
Here: Present tense: he keeps showing. To show here means to make visible, demonstrate and reveal, the way a master shows an apprentice how the work is done.
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John 10:32 ἔδειξα I have shown
But Jesus responded, “I have shown you many good works from the Father. For which of these do you stone Me?”
Here: Not just ‘I did’ but ‘I put on display for you’. The works were held up as evidence for them to see and weigh. The past tense sums up his whole public ministry as one completed record.
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John 14:8 δεῖξον do show
Philip said to Him, “Lord, show us the Father, and that will be enough for us.”
Here: A command for one decisive act: "show us," meaning make the Father visible to us. It picks up Jesus' word "seen" from verse 7 and asks for something to see, not a further explanation.
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John 14:9 δεῖξον do show
Jesus replied, “Philip, I have been with you all this time, and still you do not know Me? Anyone who has seen Me has seen the Father. How can you say, ‘Show us the Father’?
Here: A command for a single, one-off showing: Philip wants one decisive display. It echoes Moses' request in the Greek Exodus 33:18, 'Show me your glory'.
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John 20:20 ἔδειξεν He showed
After He had said this, He showed them His hands and His side. The disciples rejoiced when they saw the Lord.
Here: He deliberately put something in front of their eyes as evidence. This is not a passing glimpse. He offered his body to be inspected, and in John 'showing' is the language of revealing and giving signs.
Acts · 2
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Acts 7:3 δείξω.¶ I may show.’
and told him, ‘Leave your country and your kindred and go to the land I will show you.’
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Acts 10:28 ἔδειξεν has shown
He said to them, “You know how unlawful it is for a Jew to associate with a foreigner or visit him. But God has shown me that I should not call any man impure or unclean.
Here: 'Showed,' looking back to a single event: the vision of the sheet at Joppa (10:9–16). God showed it to Peter in a vision, and Peter now explains its meaning.
1 Corinthians · 1
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1 Corinthians 12:31 δείκνυμι.¶ I show.
But eagerly desire the greater gifts. And now I will show you the most excellent way.
Here: Present tense, "I am showing". The showing begins as soon as the next sentence does, because chapter 13 is the road being pointed out.
1 Timothy · 1
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1 Timothy 6:15 δείξει He will display
which the blessed and only Sovereign One—the King of kings and Lord of lords—will bring about in His own time.
Here: Future tense, 'he will show/display'. It matches 'appearance' (epiphaneia) in verse 14: the appearing is something God will put openly on view.
Hebrews · 1
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Hebrews 8:5 δειχθέντα having been shown
The place where they serve is a copy and shadow of what is in heaven. This is why Moses was warned when he was about to build the tabernacle: “See to it that you make everything according to the pattern shown you on the mountain.”
Here: A passive with God as the implied actor: God showed it. It was revealed, not something Moses designed.
James · 3
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James 2:18 δεῖξόν δείξω do show, will show
But someone will say, “You have faith and I have deeds.” Show me your faith without deeds, and I will show you my faith by my deeds.
Here: An aorist imperative, meaning a sharp, single command: “Go on, show me!” It is a challenge to make the invisible claim visible.
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James 3:13 δειξάτω he should show
Who is wise and understanding among you? Let him show it by his good conduct, by deeds done in the humility that comes from wisdom.
Here: A third-person command: 'let him show it'. Wisdom must be put on display where others can see it, not just asserted. James used the same verb in 2:18: 'I will show you my faith by my works.'
Revelation · 8
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Revelation 1:1 δεῖξαι to show
This is the revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave Him to show His servants what must soon come to pass. He made it known by sending His angel to His servant John,
Here: Says why it was given: to show. It is a word about seeing, and it suits a book of visions; the angel later says 'Come, I will show you' (4:1; 17:1; 21:9; 22:1, 6).
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Revelation 4:1 δείξω I will show
After this I looked and saw a door standing open in heaven. And the voice I had previously heard speak to me like a trumpet was saying, “Come up here, and I will show you what must happen after these things.”
Here: 'I will show.' This picks up the book's opening (1:1): God gave the revelation 'to show his servants'. What follows is presented as a series of things shown to John, not taught to him in discussion.
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Revelation 17:1 δείξω I will show
Then one of the seven angels with the seven bowls came and said to me, “Come, I will show you the punishment of the great prostitute, who sits on many waters.
Here: A standard word for revealing in Revelation (1:1; 4:1; 21:9–10; 22:1, 6). What John will 'see' is something God makes known, not something he simply observes.
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Revelation 21:9 δείξω I will show
Then one of the seven angels with the seven bowls full of the seven final plagues came and said to me, “Come, I will show you the bride, the wife of the Lamb.”
Here: 'I will show'. This is the book's key verb for revealing a vision (1:1; 4:1; 17:1; 22:1, 6). What follows is something John is shown, not something he works out.
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Revelation 21:10 ἔδειξέν he showed
And he carried me away in the Spirit to a mountain great and high, and showed me the holy city of Jerusalem coming down out of heaven from God,
Here: "He showed." This fulfils the angel's promise "I will show you" (v. 9). Throughout Revelation the verb means divinely given revelation (1:1; 4:1; 22:6).
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Revelation 22:1 ἔδειξέν he showed
Then the angel showed me a river of the water of life, as clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb
Here: "He showed." The subject is the angel with the seven bowls who "showed" John the bride-city in 21:9–10. The past tense presents the showing as a single act of revelation, which echoes 1:1, where God gave the revelation "to show his servants."
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Revelation 22:6 δεῖξαι to show
Then the angel said to me, “These words are faithful and true. The Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, has sent His angel to show His servants what must soon take place.”
Here: To show in a vision. It is the book's recurring verb for revealing things to be seen (1:1; 4:1; 17:1; 21:9–10; 22:1, 8). Revelation is mostly something shown before it is something told.
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Revelation 22:8 δεικνύοντός is showing
And I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things. And when I had heard and seen them, I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel who had shown me these things.
Here: 'The one who was showing.' This picks up the book's key verb (1:1; 4:1; 17:1; 21:9–10; 22:1, 6). The angel's role is to show the revelation. He is not its source.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.