Greek word · G1451

ἐγγύς

engys

near

'Near, close by', in space or time. In the Greek Old Testament it often translates Hebrew qarov ('near'), from the root qrb ('approach'). The same root gives the priestly words for 'drawing near' to God and for an offering (qorban, 'that which is brought near').

Appears 30 times in 30 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·

What it means

ἐγγύς, adv.,

[in LXX chiefly for קָרוֹב ;]

near;

1. of place: John 19:20, 42; as prep. with genitive (M, Pr., 99), Luke 19:11, John 3:23 6:19, 23 11:18, 54, Acts 1:12; with dative, Acts 9:38 27:8; superl., ἔγγιστα, Mark 6:36, WH, mg.; metaphorically, ֹοἱ ἐ., opposite to οἱ μακράν, Ephesians 2:17; ἐ. γίνεσθαι, Ephesians 2:13; ἐ. σου τὸ ῥῆμα, Romans 10:8 (LXX).

2. Of time: Matthew 24:32 26:18, Mark 13:28, 29 Luke 21:30, 31 John 2:13 6:4 7:2 11:55, Revelation 1:3 22:10; ὁ κύριος ἐ., Philippians 4:5; before ἐπὶ θύραις, Matthew 24:33; compar., ἐγγύτερον (neut. of adj. -ος, used adverbially), Romans 13:11 (cf. R, txt.); as prep. with genitive, ἐ. κατάρας, Hebrews 6:8; ἀφανισμοῦ, Hebrews 8:13 (cf. Cremer, 223).

† (AS)

From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Ephesians 2:13

Range of meaning

'Near, close by', in space or time. In the Greek Old Testament it often translates Hebrew qarov ('near'), from the root qrb ('approach'). The same root gives the priestly words for 'drawing near' to God and for an offering (qorban, 'that which is brought near').

Against the English

'Near' is accurate. What English loses is how charged the word was: in Israel 'near' was a status. Israel was 'a people near to him' (Ps 148:14), and priests were 'those who are near me' (Lev 10:3; Ezek 42:13). Gentiles could not be near. The temple barred them from the inner courts.

Used elsewhere in the period

Deut 4:7 ('what great nation has a god so near'); Ps 148:14; Lev 10:3; Num 16:5, 9–10 (God 'brings near' those he chooses to serve him). Rabbinic texts describe making a proselyte as 'bringing near' (the Hebrew causative of qrb), e.g. traditions about Jethro in the Mekhilta. Those texts are later than Ephesians, so they show how the language could be used rather than proving a direct source.

From the study of Hebrews 6:8

Range of meaning

Near in space or time; when followed by a genitive, "close to, on the verge of".

Against the English

KJV/ESV "nigh / near to being cursed" keep the wording. BSB "its curse is imminent" and NIV "in danger of being cursed" each choose one side of a phrase that can stress either closeness or the fact that the curse has not yet come.

Used elsewhere in the period

Hebrews 8:13 says the old covenant is "near to vanishing" (ἐγγὺς ἀφανισμοῦ), meaning it is about to happen. John Chrysostom (Homilies on Hebrews 10) stressed the other side: Paul said "near" a curse, not "a curse", and saw comfort and room for hope in that.

From the study of John 11:18

Range of meaning

'Near', in space (here) or in time ('the Passover was near', 11:55). It can also mean relational closeness (Eph 2:13, 17).

Against the English

'Near' or 'nigh' in every version. The English is accurate.

Used elsewhere in the period

John uses it for places (3:23; 6:19, 23; 19:20, 42) and for the nearness of Jewish feasts (2:13; 6:4; 7:2; 11:55).

Where it appears

Matthew · 3
  1. Matthew 24:32 ἐγγὺς near [is]

    Now learn this lesson from the fig tree: As soon as its branches become tender and sprout leaves, you know that summer is near.

    Here: 'Near', placed first for emphasis. Summer is close but has not yet arrived. Leaves show that it is coming. They do not give its date.

  2. Matthew 24:33 ἐγγύς near

    So also, when you see all these things, you will know that He is near, right at the door.

    Here: An adverb used as the predicate: '[it/he] is near'. It can mean near in place or near in time, and the 'doors' image keeps both in view: close enough to be standing at the entrance. It matches 'summer is near' in verse 32 (the supplied data tags it PREP; it works here as an adverb).

  3. Matthew 26:18 ἐγγύς near

    He answered, “Go into the city to a certain man and tell him that the Teacher says, ‘My time is near. I will keep the Passover with My disciples at your house.’”

    Here: An adverb used here as the predicate, "is near". Matthew uses "near" for the kingdom and for the end (3:2; 24:32–33), and soon for the hour of betrayal (26:45–46).

Mark · 2
  1. Mark 13:28 ἐγγὺς near

    Now learn this lesson from the fig tree: As soon as its branches become tender and sprout leaves, you know that summer is near.

  2. Mark 13:29 ἐγγύς near

    So also, when you see these things happening, know that He is near, right at the door.

Luke · 3
  1. Luke 19:11 ἐγγὺς near

    While the people were listening to this, Jesus proceeded to tell them a parable, because He was near Jerusalem and they thought the kingdom of God would appear imminently.

  2. Luke 21:30 ἐγγὺς near

    When they sprout leaves, you can see for yourselves and know that summer is near.

  3. Luke 21:31 ἐγγύς near

    So also, when you see these things happening, know that the kingdom of God is near.

John · 11
  1. John 2:13 ἐγγὺς near

    When the Jewish Passover was near, Jesus went up to Jerusalem.

    Here: Used here of time: the festival was coming up soon. John uses the same phrase to introduce later festivals (6:4; 7:2; 11:55), so the line works like a heading in his calendar of feasts.

  2. John 3:23 ἐγγὺς near

    Now John was also baptizing at Aenon near Salim, because the water was plentiful there, and people kept coming to be baptized.

    Here: Places the little-known Aenon by reference to a better-known town, Salim.

  3. John 6:4 ἐγγὺς near

    Now the Jewish Feast of the Passover was near.

    Here: Near in time: the festival was coming up soon. John uses the same phrase for the other Passovers (2:13; 11:55) and for Tabernacles (7:2).

  4. John 6:19 ἐγγὺς near

    When they had rowed about three or four miles, they saw Jesus approaching the boat, walking on the sea—and they were terrified.

    Here: 'Near the boat'. The figure is not far off on the horizon but closing the gap.

  5. John 6:23 ἐγγὺς near

    However, some boats from Tiberias landed near the place where the people had eaten the bread after the Lord had given thanks.

    Here: "Near." Here it works like a preposition taking the genitive. The boats came close to the feeding site, which is why the stranded crowd could use them (v. 24).

  6. John 7:2 ἐγγὺς near

    However, the Jewish Feast of Tabernacles was near.

    Here: Near in time: the festival was coming up soon. John uses the same phrase, 'was near', for festivals in 2:13, 6:4 and 11:55, so it works as a marker of the festival calendar that structures his account.

  7. John 11:18 ἐγγὺς near

    Now Bethany was near Jerusalem, a little less than two miles away,

    Here: 'Close to', in space. In John's story, closeness to Jerusalem also means closeness to the authorities who want Jesus dead (11:8, 16).

  8. John 11:54 ἐγγὺς near

    As a result, Jesus no longer went about publicly among the Jews, but He withdrew to a town called Ephraim in an area near the wilderness. And He stayed there with the disciples.

    Here: Places the region on the edge of the desert.

  9. John 11:55 ἐγγὺς near

    Now the Jewish Passover was near, and many people went up from the country to Jerusalem to purify themselves before the Passover.

    Here: Used as an adverb with "was": the feast was close in time. John opens with the same words at 2:13 and 6:4, so it works as his signal that a Passover is coming.

  10. John 19:20 ἐγγὺς near

    Many of the Jews read this sign, because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and it was written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek.

    Here: 'Near', taking 'the city' as its object. Golgotha was outside the walls but close by, within easy reach of the crowds.

  11. John 19:42 ἐγγὺς near

    And because it was the Jewish day of Preparation and the tomb was nearby, they placed Jesus there.

    Here: Near the place of crucifixion (19:41). Placed before the verb for emphasis: it was *close*, so it could be reached before sunset.

Acts · 3
  1. Acts 1:12 ἐγγὺς near

    Then they returned to Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives, which is near the city, a Sabbath day’s journey away.

    Here: Close to Jerusalem. Luke stresses how near it is, which the Sabbath-distance phrase then measures.

  2. Acts 9:38 ἐγγὺς Near

    Since Lydda was near Joppa, the disciples, hearing that Peter was there, sent two men to urge him, “Come to us without delay.”

    Here: Physical nearness. Coming first in the sentence, it gives the reason for what follows: Peter was close enough to fetch.

  3. Acts 27:8 ἐγγὺς near

    After we had moved along the coast with difficulty, we came to a place called Fair Havens, near the town of Lasea.

Romans · 1
  1. Romans 10:8 ἐγγύς Near

    But what does it say? “The word is near you; it is in your mouth and in your heart,” that is, the word of faith we are proclaiming:

    Here: Placed first for emphasis: near, close at hand. It answers the impossible journeys to heaven and the abyss: nothing has to be fetched from far away.

Ephesians · 2
  1. Ephesians 2:13 ἐγγὺς near

    But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far away have been brought near through the blood of Christ.

    Here: 'Near'. In Israel's language this word stood for the privileged position of God's people and priests, those allowed to approach. The outsiders now hold the insiders' place.

  2. Ephesians 2:17 ἐγγύς, [who are] near,

    He came and preached peace to you who were far away and peace to those who were near.

    Here: 'Near' means Israel, the people already brought close to God through covenant, Torah and temple (compare Psalm 148:14, 'a people near to him'). The verse does not treat them as needing nothing. They too receive peace, and in 2:16 both groups are reconciled to God.

Philippians · 1
  1. Philippians 4:5 ἐγγύς. [is] near.

    Let your gentleness be apparent to all. The Lord is near.

    Here: 'Near'. Greek leaves out the verb 'is'. The word can mean near in time (his coming is close) or near in place (he is close at hand). Here both are probably meant.

Hebrews · 2
  1. Hebrews 6:8 ἐγγύς, near to,

    But land that produces thorns and thistles is worthless, and its curse is imminent. In the end it will be burned.

    Here: "Near to a curse." The curse has not yet fallen, but it is close. Hebrews uses the same phrasing in 8:13 for something about to vanish, so the sense leans toward "on the verge of".

  2. Hebrews 8:13 ἐγγὺς [is] near

    By speaking of a new covenant, He has made the first one obsolete; and what is obsolete and aging will soon disappear.

    Here: An adverb used here with a genitive noun: "near to". It means being close to an end, and implies the end is coming soon. Hebrews 6:8 uses the same construction for land that is "near to a curse".

Revelation · 2
  1. Revelation 1:3 ἐγγύς.¶ near.

    Blessed is the one who reads aloud the words of this prophecy, and blessed are those who hear and obey what is written in it, because the time is near.

    Here: Close at hand. The sentence has no verb, which makes it terse and urgent: 'the time, near!'

  2. Revelation 22:10 ἐγγύς near

    Then he told me, “Do not seal up the words of prophecy in this book, because the time is near.

    Here: Close at hand, here in the sense of time. It repeats the book's opening line (1:3) word for word and goes with the repeated "I am coming soon" (22:7, 12, 20).

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.