ἀναγινώσκω

Matthew 12:3 ἀνέγνωτε you have read

Jesus replied, “Have you not read what David did when he and his companions were hungry?

Here: "Did you read?" The past tense points to their reading as an event already done. In this world, reading Scripture usually meant reading aloud, often in public, in the synagogue. These were men who studied the scrolls. The question implies that they had read the passage but missed what it shows.

Matthew 12:5 ἀνέγνωτε have you read

Or haven’t you read in the Law that on the Sabbath the priests in the temple break the Sabbath and yet are innocent?

Here: Aorist, meaning a single past act: 'did you never read?' It is a pointed jab at experts in Scripture. Of course they had read it. The question is whether they had understood it.

Matthew 19:4 ἀνέγνωτε you have read

Jesus answered, “Have you not read that from the beginning the Creator ‘made them male and female,’

Here: 'Did you not read…?' This is a pointed challenge to men who were experts in the Torah. They had read Genesis, often aloud and in public, yet missed what it implies for their question.

Matthew 21:16 ἀνέγνωτε you did read

“Do You hear what these children are saying?” they asked. “Yes,” Jesus answered. “Have you never read: ‘From the mouths of children and infants You have ordained praise’?”

Here: 'Did you read'. In antiquity reading was usually aloud, and this means the public reading and study of Scripture. 'Have you never read…?' is Jesus' recurring retort to experts in Matthew (12:3, 5; 19:4; 21:42; 22:31).

Matthew 21:42 ἀνέγνωτε you did read

Jesus said to them, “Have you never read in the Scriptures: ‘The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone. This is from the Lord, and it is marvelous in our eyes’?

Here: To read, usually aloud and publicly, as Scripture was read in synagogue and temple. Jesus uses the same challenge to experts elsewhere in Matthew (12:3, 12:5, 19:4, 21:16): you read it, but did you understand it?

Matthew 22:31 ἀνέγνωτε you have read

But concerning the resurrection of the dead, have you not read what God said to you:

Here: "Did you read?" Reading meant reading the scrolls, usually aloud, often in public worship. Said to an educated priestly elite, it is a pointed rebuke: you read it and missed what it says.

Matthew 24:15 ἀναγινώσκων reading

So when you see standing in the holy place ‘the abomination of desolation,’ spoken of by the prophet Daniel (let the reader understand),

Here: 'The one reading.' In the ancient world reading usually meant reading aloud, often to a group. It may mean the person reading Daniel or the person reading this Gospel aloud to a congregation.

Mark 2:25 ἀνέγνωτε you did read

Jesus replied, “Have you never read what David did when he and his companions were hungry and in need?

Here: Past tense (aorist): "did you read." In that world reading usually meant reading aloud or hearing scripture read in synagogue. To ask an expert whether he has "read" a passage was a standard way of pointing to scripture as the authority.

Mark 12:10 ἀνέγνωτε· have you read:

Have you never read this Scripture: ‘The stone the builders rejected has become the cornerstone.

Here: "Did you read?", aimed at men whose authority rested on reading and interpreting the scrolls. In that world reading was normally done aloud, often in public. Jesus puts the same challenge to opponents in Mark 2:25 and 12:26.

Mark 12:26 ἀνέγνωτε you have read

But concerning the dead rising, have you not read about the burning bush in the Book of Moses, how God told him, ‘I am the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob’?

Here: 'Have you not read?' It is a pointed jab at men who were experts in Scripture. Reading meant reading aloud from a scroll, often in public.

Mark 13:14 ἀναγινώσκων reading

So when you see the abomination of desolation standing where it should not be (let the reader understand), then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains.

Here: In the ancient world this usually meant reading aloud, often to a group. It could mean the person reading Mark's book aloud to an assembly, or anyone reading Daniel.

Luke 4:16 ἀναγνῶναι. to read.

Then Jesus came to Nazareth, where He had been brought up. As was His custom, He entered the synagogue on the Sabbath. And when He stood up to read,

Here: 'In order to read': he stood up for the purpose of reading. This means reading a scroll aloud to the assembled congregation, a public act, not private study.

Luke 6:3 ἀνέγνωτε have you read

Jesus replied, “Have you not read what David did when he and his companions were hungry?

Here: "Did you read." This means knowing the sacred text by reading it aloud, hearing it and studying it. Said to experts in the Law, it challenges their claim to know Scripture.

Luke 10:26 ἀναγινώσκεις;¶ read you?

“What is written in the Law?” Jesus replied. “How do you read it?”

John 19:20 ἀνέγνωσαν read

Many of the Jews read this sign, because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and it was written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek.

Here: 'Read' in the simple past. In the ancient world reading was usually done aloud, so a few literate passers-by reading the board would spread its wording to those around them.

Acts 8:28 ἀνεγίνωσκεν he was reading

and on his return was sitting in his chariot reading Isaiah the prophet.

Acts 8:30 ἀναγινώσκοντος ἀναγινώσκεις; is reading, you are reading?

So Philip ran up and heard the man reading Isaiah the prophet. “Do you understand what you are reading?” Philip asked.

Acts 8:32 ἀνεγίνωσκεν he was reading

The eunuch was reading this passage of Scripture: “He was led like a sheep to the slaughter, and as a lamb before the shearer is silent, so He did not open His mouth.

Here: Imperfect tense: "he was reading", an action in progress. As was normal in antiquity he was reading aloud, which is why Philip could hear him (v. 30).

Acts 13:27 ἀναγινωσκομένας, are being read,

The people of Jerusalem and their rulers did not recognize Jesus, yet in condemning Him they fulfilled the words of the prophets that are read every Sabbath.

Here: Present passive: 'which are being read', an ongoing weekly practice. Ancient reading, especially public reading, was out loud. The verb shares a root with 'not-knowing' (agnoeō, from the same 'know' family), which sets up a pointed irony.

Acts 15:21 ἀναγινωσκόμενος.¶ being read.

For Moses has been proclaimed in every city from ancient times and is read in the synagogues on every Sabbath.”

Acts 15:31 ἀναγνόντες Having read [it]

When the people read it, they rejoiced at its encouraging message.

Acts 23:34 ἀναγνοὺς Having read [it]

The governor read the letter and asked what province Paul was from. Learning that he was from Cilicia,

2 Corinthians 1:13 ἀναγινώσκετε you read

For we do not write you anything that is beyond your ability to read and understand. And I hope that you will understand us completely,

2 Corinthians 3:2 ἀναγινωσκομένη being read

You yourselves are our letter, inscribed on our hearts, known and read by everyone.

2 Corinthians 3:15 ἀναγινώσκηται may be read

And even to this day when Moses is read, a veil covers their hearts.

Ephesians 3:4 ἀναγινώσκοντες reading [it]

In reading this, then, you will be able to understand my insight into the mystery of Christ,

Here: 'As you read' or 'by reading'. It is the normal word for reading aloud, especially reading a text out in an assembly. The plural points to a congregation hearing the letter read, not one person reading silently.

Colossians 4:16 ἀναγνωσθῇ ἀναγνωσθῇ, ἀναγνῶτε. may be read, it may be read,, may read.

After this letter has been read among you, make sure that it is also read in the church of the Laodiceans, and that you in turn read the letter from Laodicea.

1 Thessalonians 5:27 ἀναγνωσθῆναι to be read

I charge you before the Lord to have this letter read to all the brothers.

Revelation 1:3 ἀναγινώσκων reading

Blessed is the one who reads aloud the words of this prophecy, and blessed are those who hear and obey what is written in it, because the time is near.

Here: The one who reads the scroll out loud to the assembled church. The present tense pictures him in the act of reading.