ξηραίνω

Matthew 13:6 ἐξηράνθη. were dried up.

But when the sun rose, the seedlings were scorched, and they withered because they had no root.

Here: 'It was dried up' or 'it withered.' The word pictures something drained of moisture until it is dead and brittle. It is the verb used of grass in Isaiah 40:7 and of the fig tree Jesus curses in Matthew 21:19–20. The verse ends on this word, with the plant gone.

Matthew 21:19 ἐξηράνθη withered

Seeing a fig tree by the road, He went up to it but found nothing on it except leaves. “May you never bear fruit again!” He said. And immediately the tree withered.

Here: "Was dried up" or "withered." The verb is passive: something is done to the tree. The same verb is used in the prophets for land and trees under God's judgment (Joel 1:12; Hos 9:16 LXX; Ezek 17:24).

Matthew 21:20 ἐξηράνθη withered

When the disciples saw this, they marveled and asked, “How did the fig tree wither so quickly?”

Mark 3:1 ἐξηραμμένην withered

Once again Jesus entered the synagogue, and a man with a withered hand was there.

Here: Literally 'having been dried up', describing a lasting condition left by something in the past. It agrees grammatically with 'hand', and it stands before the verb, so the disability is the first thing we hear about him.

Mark 4:6 ἐξηράνθη. it withered away.

But when the sun rose, the seedlings were scorched, and they withered because they had no root.

Mark 5:29 ἐξηράνθη was dried up

Immediately her bleeding stopped, and she sensed in her body that she was healed of her affliction.

Here: 'Was dried up', as a spring or stream dries up. The verb is passive and names no one doing the drying; verse 30 then shows that the power came from Jesus.

Mark 9:18 ξηραίνεται. is withering away.

Whenever it seizes him, it throws him to the ground. He foams at the mouth, gnashes his teeth, and becomes rigid. I asked Your disciples to drive it out, but they were unable.”

Mark 11:20 ἐξηραμμένην dried up

As they were walking back in the morning, they saw the fig tree withered from its roots.

Mark 11:21 ἐξήρανται.¶ has been dried up.

Peter remembered it and said, “Look, Rabbi! The fig tree You cursed has withered.”

Luke 8:6 ἐξηράνθη it withered

Some fell on rocky ground, and when it came up, the seedlings withered because they had no moisture.

Here: "It was dried up" or "it withered." The aorist states the result flatly as a finished fact. The same verb is used for the withered hand (Luke 6:6, 8), the withered fig tree (Mark 11:20–21) and grass burned by the sun (James 1:11). It describes a plant drying out until it is dead.

John 15:6 ἐξηράνθη, is dried up,

If anyone does not remain in Me, he is like a branch that is thrown away and withers. Such branches are gathered up, thrown into the fire, and burned.

Here: Aorist passive, 'was dried up'. Cut off from the sap, the shoot shrivels. Like 'was thrown', it is stated as already done, the natural result of separation.

James 1:11 ἐξήρανεν withered

For the sun rises with scorching heat and withers the plant; its flower falls and its beauty is lost. So too, the rich man will fade away in the midst of his pursuits.

Here: "Dried it out": the sun/heat withers the grass. This is the same verb as Isaiah 40:7 in the Greek Old Testament ("the grass withered"), so Jewish hearers would have recognised the passage behind the image.

1 Peter 1:24 ἐξηράνθη Withers

For, “All flesh is like grass, and all its glory like the flowers of the field; the grass withers and the flowers fall,

Here: Past tense in form, but used for what always happens: "the grass withers." The form also gives a sense of suddenness, as if it is already dry by the time you look.

Revelation 14:15 ἐξηράνθη has ripened

Then another angel came out of the temple, crying out in a loud voice to the One seated on the cloud, “Swing Your sickle and reap, because the time has come to harvest, for the crop of the earth is ripe.”

Here: Literally 'has been dried'. Grain is cut once the stalks and kernels have dried to gold, so this means fully ready. The same verb is used elsewhere for plants that wither.

Revelation 16:12 ἐξηράνθη was dried up

And the sixth angel poured out his bowl on the great river Euphrates, and its water was dried up to prepare the way for the kings of the East.

Here: "Was dried up": completely, at one stroke. The passive leaves the agent unnamed, a common biblical way of implying that God is the one acting. It recalls God drying the Red Sea and the Jordan, and the prophecies of drying Babylon's waters.