Hebrew word · H5207
נִיחֹחַ
nichoach
soothing
Nichoach comes from nuach, 'to rest, settle, be quiet.' It means 'quieting, soothing, restful.' The phrase reach nichoach ('scent of soothing') is a fixed sacrificial expression. It occurs about 40 times, almost all in Leviticus, Numbers and Ezekiel, for an offering that God accepts favorably (e.g.
Appears 43 times in 43 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
soothing, quieting, tranquillising
Aramaic equivalent: ni.cho.ach (נִיחוֹחַ "soothing" H5208)
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Genesis 8:21
- Range of meaning
Nichoach comes from nuach, 'to rest, settle, be quiet.' It means 'quieting, soothing, restful.' The phrase reach nichoach ('scent of soothing') is a fixed sacrificial expression. It occurs about 40 times, almost all in Leviticus, Numbers and Ezekiel, for an offering that God accepts favorably (e.g. Lev 1:9, 13, 17). It describes a sacrifice that settles the relationship between God and worshiper and 'quiets' any displeasure.
- Against the English
KJV 'sweet savour,' BSB/NIV/ESV 'pleasing aroma,' WEB 'pleasant aroma' and YLT 'sweet fragrance' all suggest a nice smell. NASB's 'soothing aroma' keeps the root idea of rest and calming. The 'pleasant' renderings are not wrong, since the offering is accepted, but they lose the sense of settling and quieting. They also lose the pun on Noah's name.
- How it drifted
Early Greek and Latin translations shifted the stress. The Septuagint (LXX, the Greek translation made by Jews in the last centuries BC) rendered the phrase 'osmē euōdias,' 'scent of fragrance.' The Latin Vulgate followed with 'odor suavitatis.' English then inherited 'sweet savour.' The 'rest/soothing' root became invisible.
- Used elsewhere in the period
The formula runs throughout Israel's priestly sacrificial texts (Lev 1–3; Num 15, 28–29). Ezekiel 20:41 uses it of God accepting restored Israel itself 'as a soothing aroma.' The New Testament takes up the Greek form: Christ's self-giving is 'a fragrant offering' (Eph 5:2), and the Philippians' gift is the same (Phil 4:18). Outside Israel, the Gilgamesh flood story (Tablet XI) says that after the hero's sacrifice 'the gods smelled the sweet savor, the gods gathered like flies over the sacrificer.' The Atrahasis epic presents the gods as starving, because no offerings had reached them during the flood.
Where it appears
Genesis · 1
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Genesis 8:21 הַנִּיחֹחַ֒ <the> soothing
When the LORD smelled the pleasing aroma, He said in His heart, “Never again will I curse the ground because of man, even though every inclination of his heart is evil from his youth. And never again will I destroy all living creatures as I have done.
Here: Comes from the root nuach, 'to rest, settle down.' The phrase means a scent that calms or settles, which is more than merely 'pleasant.' It also echoes Noah's name (Noach): Noah's offering produces a 'Noah-ish,' rest-giving smell.
Exodus · 3
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Exodus 29:18 נִיח֔וֹחַ soothing
Then burn the entire ram on the altar; it is a burnt offering to the LORD, a pleasing aroma, a food offering to the LORD.
Here: This word describes the aroma. It is related to the root meaning "rest" or "be at ease," so it is a calming, satisfying smell: the scent of an offering that finds favor and settles God's attitude toward the giver.
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Exodus 29:25 נִיח֙וֹחַ֙ soothing
Then take them from their hands and burn them on the altar atop the burnt offering as a pleasing aroma before the LORD; it is a food offering to the LORD.
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Exodus 29:41 נִיחֹ֔חַ soothing
And offer the second lamb at twilight with the same grain offering and drink offering as in the morning, as a pleasing aroma, a food offering to the LORD.
Leviticus · 17
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Leviticus 1:9 נִיח֖וֹחַ soothing
The entrails and legs must be washed with water, and the priest shall burn all of it on the altar as a burnt offering, a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
Here: From the root nuach, 'to rest, settle'. A scent that brings rest, that quiets and settles. Together with reach it is a fixed phrase meaning the offering is accepted and puts things at peace between worshiper and God, not only that the smell is pleasant.
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Leviticus 1:13 נִיחֹ֖חַ soothing
The entrails and legs must be washed with water, and the priest shall present all of it and burn it on the altar; it is a burnt offering, a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
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Leviticus 1:17 נִיחֹ֖חַ soothing
He shall tear it open by its wings, without dividing the bird completely. And the priest is to burn it on the altar atop the burning wood. It is a burnt offering, a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
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Leviticus 2:2 נִיחֹ֖חַ soothing
and bring it to Aaron’s sons the priests. The priest shall take a handful of the flour and oil, together with all the frankincense, and burn this as a memorial portion on the altar, a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
Here: From the root 'rest, settle'. It is a scent that calms, satisfies and wins acceptance. The point is that God receives the gift with favour, not that the smell is sweet.
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Leviticus 2:9 נִיחֹ֖חַ soothing
The priest is to remove the memorial portion from the grain offering and burn it on the altar as a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
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Leviticus 2:12 נִיחֹֽחַ׃ soothing
You may bring them to the LORD as an offering of firstfruits, but they must not go up on the altar as a pleasing aroma.
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Leviticus 3:5 נִיחֹ֖חַ soothing
Then Aaron’s sons are to burn it on the altar atop the burnt offering that is on the burning wood, as a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
Here: "Soothing": from the root nuach, "to rest, settle". Together with reach it makes the fixed phrase "soothing aroma". It says the offering settles God's disposition toward the worshipper and is received with favour.
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Leviticus 3:16 נִיחֹ֔חַ soothing
Then the priest is to burn the food on the altar as a food offering, a pleasing aroma. All the fat is the LORD’s.
Here: Related to nuach, 'to rest' or 'settle'. The scent is one that calms and satisfies, so that God accepts the offering and the offerer. 'Pleasing' covers part of this, but the root carries the idea of settling or appeasing.
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Leviticus 4:31 נִיחֹ֖חַ soothing
Then he is to remove all the fat, just as it is removed from the peace offering, and the priest is to burn it on the altar as a pleasing aroma to the LORD. In this way the priest will make atonement for him, and he will be forgiven.
Here: From a root meaning 'rest, settle'. A scent that calms and pleases, so the offering is accepted. In Leviticus 4 this phrase appears only here, for the ordinary person's sin offering.
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Leviticus 6:15 נִיחֹ֛חַ soothing
The priest is to remove a handful of fine flour and olive oil, together with all the frankincense from the grain offering, and burn the memorial portion on the altar as a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
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Leviticus 6:21 נִיחֹ֖חַ soothing
It shall be prepared with oil on a griddle; you are to bring it well-kneaded and present it as a grain offering broken in pieces, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
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Leviticus 8:21 נִיחֹ֙חַ֙ soothing
He washed the entrails and legs with water and burned the entire ram on the altar as a burnt offering, a pleasing aroma, a food offering to the LORD, just as the LORD had commanded Moses.
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Leviticus 8:28 נִיחֹ֔חַ soothing
Then Moses took these from their hands and burned them on the altar with the burnt offering. This was an ordination offering, a pleasing aroma, a food offering to the LORD.
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Leviticus 17:6 נִיחֹ֖חַ soothing
The priest will then splatter the blood on the altar of the LORD at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting and burn the fat as a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
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Leviticus 23:13 נִיחֹ֑חַ soothing
along with its grain offering of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil—a food offering to the LORD, a pleasing aroma—and its drink offering of a quarter hin of wine.
Here: From the root for 'rest, settle.' It is a scent that settles and pleases the one who receives it. The phrase says the gift is accepted.
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Leviticus 23:18 נִיחֹ֖חַ soothing
Along with the bread you are to present seven unblemished male lambs a year old, one young bull, and two rams. They will be a burnt offering to the LORD, together with their grain offerings and drink offerings—a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
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Leviticus 26:31 נִיחֹֽחֲכֶֽם׃ soothing your
I will reduce your cities to rubble and lay waste your sanctuaries, and I will refuse to smell the pleasing aroma of your sacrifices.
Here: "Your soothing (offerings)." This is the standard temple term for an offering that calms God and wins his acceptance. It is linked to nûaḥ, "rest". Adding "your" makes it pointed: the things that are supposed to soothe God now belong to a people he has rejected (v. 30).
Numbers · 18
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Numbers 15:3 נִיחֹ֙חַ֙ soothing
and you present a food offering to the LORD from the herd or flock to produce a pleasing aroma to the LORD—either a burnt offering or a sacrifice, for a special vow or freewill offering or appointed feast—
Here: Related to the verb 'to rest, settle': a scent that calms, satisfies and settles God's disposition toward the worshipper. The phrase is a fixed formula meaning the offering is accepted with favour.
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Numbers 15:7 נִיחֹ֖חַ soothing
and a third of a hin of wine as a drink offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
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Numbers 15:10 נִיחֹ֖חַ soothing
Also present half a hin of wine as a drink offering. It is a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
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Numbers 15:13 נִיחֹ֖חַ soothing
Everyone who is native-born shall prepare these things in this way when he presents a food offering as a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
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Numbers 15:14 נִיחֹ֖חַ soothing
And for the generations to come, if a foreigner residing with you or someone else among you wants to prepare a food offering as a pleasing aroma to the LORD, he is to do exactly as you do.
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Numbers 15:24 נִיחֹ֙חַ֙ soothing
and if it was done unintentionally without the knowledge of the congregation, then the whole congregation is to prepare one young bull as a burnt offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD, with its grain offering and drink offering according to the regulation, and one male goat as a sin offering.
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Numbers 18:17 נִיחֹ֖חַ soothing
But you must not redeem the firstborn of an ox, a sheep, or a goat; they are holy. You are to splatter their blood on the altar and burn their fat as a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
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Numbers 28:2 נִֽיחֹחִ֔י soothing my
“Command the Israelites and say to them: See that you present to Me at its appointed time the food for My food offerings, as a pleasing aroma to Me.
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Numbers 28:6 נִיחֹ֔חַ soothing
This is a regular burnt offering established at Mount Sinai as a pleasing aroma, a food offering to the LORD.
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Numbers 28:8 נִיחֹ֖חַ soothing
And offer the second lamb at twilight, with the same grain offering and drink offering as in the morning. It is a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.
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Numbers 28:13 נִיחֹ֔חַ soothing
and a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a grain offering with each lamb. This is a burnt offering, a pleasing aroma, a food offering to the LORD.
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Numbers 28:24 נִיחֹ֖חַ soothing
Offer the same food each day for seven days as a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD. It is to be offered with its drink offering and the regular burnt offering.
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Numbers 28:27 נִיחֹ֙חַ֙ soothing
Present a burnt offering of two young bulls, one ram, and seven male lambs a year old as a pleasing aroma to the LORD,
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Numbers 29:2 נִיחֹ֙חַ֙ soothing
As a pleasing aroma to the LORD, you are to present a burnt offering of one young bull, one ram, and seven male lambs a year old, all unblemished,
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Numbers 29:6 נִיחֹ֔חַ soothing
These are in addition to the monthly and daily burnt offerings with their prescribed grain offerings and drink offerings. They are a pleasing aroma, a food offering to the LORD.
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Numbers 29:8 נִיחֹ֔חַ soothing
Present as a pleasing aroma to the LORD a burnt offering of one young bull, one ram, and seven male lambs a year old, all unblemished,
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Numbers 29:13 נִיחֹ֙חַ֙ soothing
As a pleasing aroma to the LORD, you are to present a food offering, a burnt offering of thirteen young bulls, two rams, and fourteen male lambs a year old, all unblemished,
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Numbers 29:36 נִיחֹ֙חַ֙ soothing
As a pleasing aroma to the LORD, you are to present a food offering, a burnt offering of one bull, one ram, and seven male lambs a year old, all unblemished,
Ezekiel · 4
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Ezekiel 6:13 נִיחֹ֔חַ soothing
Then you will know that I am the LORD, when their slain lie among their idols around their altars, on every high hill, on all the mountaintops, and under every green tree and leafy oak—the places where they offered fragrant incense to all their idols.
Here: From the root for 'rest, settle'. Together with rêaḥ it is the priestly technical phrase for an offering that pleases God and calms his anger. Here it was given to idols.
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Ezekiel 16:19 נִיחֹ֖חַ soothing
And you set before them as a pleasing aroma the food I had given you—the fine flour, oil, and honey that I had fed you. That is what happened, declares the Lord GOD.
Here: 'Soothing, calming.' It is related to the verb 'to rest' and names the effect an offering was meant to have on a god: it settles and pleases him. This is the Torah's own term for offerings YHWH accepts, here used of offerings to idols.
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Ezekiel 20:28 נִיח֣וֹחֵיהֶ֔ם soothing their
When I brought them into the land that I swore to give them and they saw any high hill or leafy tree, there they offered their sacrifices, presented offerings that provoked Me, sent up their fragrant incense, and poured out their drink offerings.
Here: From the root 'to rest, settle'. It is an aroma meant to calm God and make him favourable. Here it is ironic: on these hills it soothes nothing.
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Ezekiel 20:41 נִיחֹחַ֮ soothing
When I bring you from the peoples and gather you from the lands to which you have been scattered, I will accept you as a pleasing aroma. And I will show My holiness through you in the sight of the nations.
Here: Related to the verb 'to rest'. Together with the word before it, this is the fixed priestly phrase for an offering whose smoke 'calms' God and is welcomed. It is not just a nice smell.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.