Hebrew word · H875
בְּאֵר
be'er
well
A well: a shaft dug to underground water. Wells were valuable, sometimes disputed (Gen 21:25–31; 26:15–22), and appear in place names (Beersheba, Beer-lahai-roi).
Appears 38 times in 34 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
well, pit, spring
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Proverbs 5:15
- Range of meaning
A well: a shaft dug to underground water. Wells were valuable, sometimes disputed (Gen 21:25–31; 26:15–22), and appear in place names (Beersheba, Beer-lahai-roi).
- Against the English
'Well' is accurate across the versions. What English readers can miss is the contrast with the cistern: a well taps living groundwater, while a cistern holds collected rain.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Song 4:15: the bride is 'a garden fountain, a well (be'er) of living water, and flowing streams (nōzəlîm) from Lebanon'. That is the same pairing of words as here, in plainly erotic poetry. Wells are also the classic meeting places for courtship (Rebekah in Gen 24, Rachel in Gen 29, Zipporah in Exod 2).
From the study of Genesis 26:15
- Range of meaning
A dug well: a shaft cut down to groundwater, often in a dry riverbed. It is different from a בּוֹר (bôr), a cistern or pit for storing rainwater. The word also appears in place names: Beer-sheba ("well of seven" or "well of the oath"), Beer-lahai-roi, and others.
- Against the English
"Well" is accurate. Modern readers may picture a stone-ringed village well with a bucket. A Negev well was a hard-won shaft into the water table, and it marked the claim of whoever dug it.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Genesis uses the word heavily around Beersheba and Gerar (Gen 21:19, 25, 30; 24:11; 26:15–33; 29:2). In Gen 21:25–31 Abraham complains to Abimelech that his servants seized a well. Abraham gives seven ewe lambs "as a witness that I dug this well," which shows that digging a well created a right that could be argued in a dispute. The Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation) uses φρέαρ (phrear), a dug well.
From the study of 2 Samuel 17:21
- Range of meaning
A dug well or pit, as distinct from bor, a cistern for collecting rainwater. Wells were family and community property and figure in many stories (Gen 21; 26; 29; Exod 2).
- Against the English
All versions say 'well.' A modern reader may picture a narrow, water-filled shaft. This one was big enough for two men and dry enough for them to hide in.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Wells and cisterns in Iron Age courtyards are well attested in archaeology. Hiding in, or being thrown into, a pit is a recurring motif (Gen 37:24; Jer 38:6). The woman's trick of spreading grain over the cover (17:19) resembles Rahab hiding the spies under flax (Josh 2:6).
Where it appears
Genesis · 23
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Genesis 14:10 בֶּֽאֱרֹ֤ת בֶּאֱרֹת֙ [was] pits, pits of
Now the Valley of Siddim was full of tar pits, and as the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, some men fell into the pits, but the survivors fled to the hill country.
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Genesis 16:14 לַבְּאֵ֔ר <to> the well
Therefore the well was called Beer-lahai-roi. It is located between Kadesh and Bered.
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Genesis 21:19 בְּאֵ֣ר a well of
Then God opened her eyes, and she saw a well of water. So she went and filled the skin with water and gave the boy a drink.
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Genesis 21:25 בְּאֵ֣ר [the] well of
But when Abraham complained to Abimelech about a well that Abimelech’s servants had seized,
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Genesis 21:30 הַבְּאֵ֥ר the well
He replied, “You are to accept the seven ewe lambs from my hand as my witness that I dug this well.”
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Genesis 24:11 בְּאֵ֣ר [the] well of
As evening approached, he made the camels kneel down near the well outside the town at the time when the women went out to draw water.
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Genesis 24:20 הַבְּאֵ֖ר the well
And she quickly emptied her jar into the trough and ran back to the well to draw water, until she had drawn water for all his camels.
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Genesis 26:15 הַבְּאֵרֹ֗ת the wells
So the Philistines took dirt and stopped up all the wells that his father’s servants had dug in the days of his father Abraham.
Here: Dug wells, meaning shafts cut down to groundwater, as opposed to cisterns that collect rainwater. In the dry Negev these were what kept people and herds alive, and they also showed who had a right to the land.
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Genesis 26:18 בְּאֵרֹ֣ת [the] wells of
Isaac reopened the wells that had been dug in the days of his father Abraham, which the Philistines had stopped up after Abraham died. And he gave these wells the same names his father had given them.
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Genesis 26:19 בְּאֵ֖ר a well of
Then Isaac’s servants dug in the valley and found a well of fresh water there.
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Genesis 26:20 הַבְּאֵר֙ the well
But the herdsmen of Gerar quarreled with Isaac’s herdsmen and said, “The water is ours!” So he named the well Esek, because they contended with him.
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Genesis 26:21 בְּאֵ֣ר a well
Then they dug another well and quarreled over that one also; so he named it Sitnah.
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Genesis 26:22 בְּאֵ֣ר a well
He moved on from there and dug another well, and they did not quarrel over it. He named it Rehoboth and said, “At last the LORD has made room for us, and we will be fruitful in the land.”
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Genesis 26:25 בְּאֵֽר׃ a well
So Isaac built an altar there and called on the name of the LORD, and he pitched his tent there. His servants also dug a well there.
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Genesis 26:32 הַבְּאֵ֖ר the well
On that same day, Isaac’s servants came and told him about the well they had dug. “We have found water!” they told him.
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Genesis 29:2 בְאֵ֣ר הַבְּאֵ֣ר הַבְּאֵֽר׃ a well, the well
He looked and saw a well in the field, and near it lay three flocks of sheep, because the sheep were watered from this well. And a large stone covered the mouth of the well.
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Genesis 29:3 הַבְּאֵ֔ר הַבְּאֵ֖ר the well
When all the flocks had been gathered there, the shepherds would roll away the stone from the mouth of the well and water the sheep. Then they would return the stone to its place over the mouth of the well.
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Genesis 29:8 הַבְּאֵ֑ר the well
But they replied, “We cannot, until all the flocks have been gathered and the stone has been rolled away from the mouth of the well. Then we will water the sheep.”
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Genesis 29:10 הַבְּאֵ֔ר the well
As soon as Jacob saw Rachel, the daughter of his mother’s brother Laban, with Laban’s sheep, he went up and rolled the stone away from the mouth of the well and watered his uncle’s sheep.
Here: A dug well in open pasture, kept covered. In Genesis, wells are where marriages are found (Gen 24) and where people fight over water rights (Gen 21, 26).
Exodus · 1
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Exodus 2:15 הַבְּאֵֽר׃ the well
When Pharaoh heard about this matter, he sought to kill Moses. But Moses fled from Pharaoh and settled in the land of Midian, where he sat down beside a well.
Here: A dug well, the centre of herding life. The Hebrew says 'the well': it is the well where the next scene happens. To a reader of Genesis, a stranger sitting at a well signals that a meeting, and probably a marriage, is coming (Gen 24; 29).
Numbers · 5
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Numbers 20:17 בְאֵ֑ר a well
Please let us pass through your land. We will not go through any field or vineyard, or drink water from any well. We will stay on the King’s Highway; we will not turn to the right or to the left until we have passed through your territory.”
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Numbers 21:16 הַבְּאֵ֗ר [is] the well
From there they went on to Beer, the well where the LORD said to Moses, “Gather the people so that I may give them water.”
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Numbers 21:17 בְאֵ֖ר O well
Then Israel sang this song: “Spring up, O well, all of you sing to it!
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Numbers 21:18 בְּאֵ֞ר a well
The princes dug the well; the nobles of the people hollowed it out with their scepters and with their staffs.” From the wilderness the Israelites went on to Mattanah,
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Numbers 21:22 בְאֵ֑ר a well
“Let us pass through your land. We will not turn aside into any field or vineyard, or drink water from any well. We will stay on the King’s Highway until we have passed through your territory.”
2 Samuel · 3
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2 Samuel 17:18 בְאֵ֛ר a well
But a young man did see them and told Absalom. So the two left quickly and came to the house of a man in Bahurim. He had a well in his courtyard, and they climbed down into it.
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2 Samuel 17:19 הַבְּאֵ֔ר the well
Then the man’s wife took a covering, spread it over the mouth of the well, and scattered grain over it so nobody would know a thing.
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2 Samuel 17:21 מֵֽהַבְּאֵ֔ר from the well
After the men had gone, Ahimaaz and Jonathan climbed up out of the well and went to inform King David, saying, “Get up and cross over the river at once, for Ahithophel has given this advice against you.”
Here: The shaft in the courtyard of the house at Bahurim (v. 18). Over its mouth the woman spread a covering and scattered grain to hide it (v. 19). It must have been dry or nearly dry for two men to hide in it.
Psalms · 2
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Psalm 55:23 לִבְאֵ֬ר to [the] pit of
But You, O God, will bring them down to the Pit of destruction; men of bloodshed and deceit will not live out half their days. But I will trust in You.
Here: 'To the well of…'. A be'er is a dug, deep shaft, normally a well or cistern. Here it pictures a vertical hole you go down into and cannot climb out of.
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Psalm 69:15 בְּאֵ֣ר [the] pit
Do not let the floods engulf me or the depths swallow me up; let not the Pit close its mouth over me.
Proverbs · 2
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Proverbs 5:15 בְּאֵרֶֽךָ׃ own well your
Drink water from your own cistern, and running water from your own well.
Here: A be'er is a shaft dug down to groundwater, a source that does not depend on rain. It is the partner word to 'cistern'. The line moves from stored water to a living source, and again the water is 'yours'.
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Proverbs 23:27 וּבְאֵ֥ר and [is] a well
For a prostitute is a deep pit, and an adulteress is a narrow well.
Song of Songs · 1
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Song of Songs 4:15 בְּאֵ֖ר a well of
You are a garden spring, a well of fresh water flowing down from Lebanon.
Jeremiah · 1
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Jeremiah 6:7 בַּ֙יִר֙ a well
As a well gushes its water, so she pours out her evil. Violence and destruction resound in her; sickness and wounds are ever before Me.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.