Greek word · G3049
λογίζομαι
logizomai
to count
To calculate or count; to credit to someone's account; to regard or consider someone as something; to think or reason. In commercial papyri it is used for entering sums to an account.
Appears 40 times in 39 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·
What it means
λογίζομαι
(λόγος), [in LXX chiefly for חָשַׁב ;]
1. prop., of numerical calculation, to count, reckon: with accusative before μετά, Mark 15:23 (LXX) (Rec., R, mg.), Luke 22:37.
2. Metaphorical, without reference to numbers, by a reckoning of characteristics or reasons;
(a) to reckon, take into account: with accusative of thing(s), 1 Corinthians 13:5; id. before dative of person(s), Romans 4:3 (LXX), Romans 4:4, 6 4:8" (LXX), 2 Corinthians 5:19, 2 Timothy 4:16; before εἰς (cf. Heb. ל חָשַׁב; Bl., § 33, 3), Acts 19:27, Romans 2:26 4:3, 5 4:9-11, 22-24 9:8 Galatians 3:6" (LXX), James 2:23 (LXX);
(b) to consider, calculate: with accusative of thing(s), Philippians 4:8; before ὅτι, John 11:50, Hebrews 11:10; τοῦτο, ὅτι, 2 Corinthians 10:11; with accusative of person(s), with inf., Romans 6:11; before ὡς, Romans 8:36 (LXX);
(with) to suppose, judge, deem: 1 Corinthians 13:11; ὡς, 1 Peter 5:12; οὕτως, 1 Corinthians 4:1; with accusative of thing(s), 2 Corinthians 3:5; id. before εἰς, 2 Corinthians 12:6; ὅτι, Romans 8:18; τοῦτο, ὅτι, Romans 2:3, 2 Corinthians 10:7; with inf., 2 Corinthians 11:5; accusative and inf., Romans 3:28 14:14, Philippians 3:13; with accusative of person(s) before ὡς, 2 Corinthians 10:2;
(d) to purpose, decide: with inf. (Eur., Or., 555), 2 Corinthians 10:2
(cf. ἀνα-, δια-, παρα-, συλ-λογίζομαι).†
(AS)
From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
To calculate or count; to credit to someone's account; to regard or consider someone as something; to think or reason. In commercial papyri it is used for entering sums to an account.
- Against the English
'Credited' (BSB, NIV, NASB) keeps the accounting picture. 'Counted' (KJV, ESV) and 'accounted' (WEB) are close. 'Reckoned' (YLT) is the most literal. All are accurate. The risk lies in how the word is pictured, not in the word itself.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Gen 15:6 LXX: 'Abram trusted God, and it was reckoned (elogisthē) to him as righteousness.' Ps 106:31 (105:31 LXX): Phinehas's zealous act 'was reckoned to him as righteousness'. 1 Macc 2:52: Abraham 'was found faithful in testing, and it was reckoned to him as righteousness'. Other financial verbs in the same family appear in Philemon 18 (elloga, 'charge it to my account').
- Range of meaning
To count or calculate. To enter something in an account. To consider, regard or reckon something as something. In the Septuagint it translates Hebrew ḥāšab ("to think, account, value"), used for priests reckoning an offering acceptable (Lev 7:18) and for God crediting Phinehas's zealous act "as righteousness" (Ps 106:31).
- Against the English
KJV "imputed", NIV and BSB "credited", ESV "counted", WEB "accounted", YLT "reckoned". "Imputed" now carries a specific doctrine for English readers. "Credited" and "reckoned" stay closer to the plain bookkeeping and verdict sense.
- How it drifted
After the Reformation, "impute" became a technical term for righteousness belonging to another (Christ) being credited to the believer. That doctrine was built mainly from Paul. James's sentence does not raise it.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Ps 106:31 (LXX 105:31) says of Phinehas's deed, "it was reckoned to him as righteousness." 4QMMT C 31 tells its readers that keeping the law correctly "will be reckoned to you as righteousness." 1 Macc 2:52 links the reckoning to Abraham's faithfulness under testing. Jubilees 30:17–23 speaks of deeds being written down as righteousness on the heavenly tablets.
- Range of meaning
To count, calculate or reckon. It can mean entering an item in an account, credit or debit (Rom 4:3–11), or reaching a considered judgment by reasoning (Rom 3:28; 6:11). BDAG lists both "to determine by mathematical process, reckon, calculate" and "to hold a view about something, think, believe, be of the opinion". Even its "opinion" uses carry the sense of a reasoned conclusion.
- Against the English
KJV and YLT have "reckon", which keeps the sense of calculation. BSB, WEB, ESV, NIV and NASB have "consider", which is acceptable, though to modern ears it can sound tentative ("I'm inclined to think"). Paul is not hedging. He is announcing the result of a calculation.
- How it drifted
"Consider" and "think" have come to sound like personal preference. In Paul's usage logizomai is the language of the ledger and of settled judgment.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Common in business papyri for keeping accounts. In the Greek Old Testament (the Septuagint, or LXX) it appears in Gen 15:6 ("it was reckoned to him as righteousness"), which Paul works through at length in Rom 4. Paul uses it more than any other New Testament writer: about 19 times in Rom 4 alone, plus 3:28, 6:11, 2 Cor 10:7 and Phil 3:13.
Where it appears
Luke · 1
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Luke 22:37 ἐλογίσθη. He was reckoned.’
For I tell you that this Scripture must be fulfilled in Me: ‘And He was numbered with the transgressors.’ For what is written about Me is reaching its fulfillment.”
Here: An accounting and classifying word: entered in the books under that category. The point is how others classified him, not what he was.
John · 1
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John 11:50 λογίζεσθε consider you
You do not realize that it is better for you that one man die for the people than that the whole nation perish.”
Here: An accounting word: "you aren't doing the sums." Caiaphas presents his proposal as plain arithmetic, one life weighed against a nation. The present tense describes their ongoing failure to think it through.
Acts · 1
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Acts 19:27 λογισθῆναι, to be reckoned,
There is danger not only that our business will fall into disrepute, but also that the temple of the great goddess Artemis will be discredited and her majesty deposed—she who is worshiped by all the province of Asia and the whole world.”
Romans · 19
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Romans 2:3 λογίζῃ Suppose you
So when you, O man, pass judgment on others, yet do the same things, do you think you will escape God’s judgment?
Here: "Are you reckoning on this?" It is the language of calculation: the person has done the sums and concluded he is safe. Present tense: this is his ongoing working assumption.
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Romans 2:26 λογισθήσεται; will be reckoned?
If a man who is not circumcised keeps the requirements of the law, will not his uncircumcision be regarded as circumcision?
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Romans 3:28 λογιζόμεθα We reckon
For we maintain that a man is justified by faith apart from works of the law.
Here: 'We reckon / we hold as settled': a judgment reached by working something out, like totalling an account. The 'we' is Paul (with his readers drawn in) stating the conclusion of the argument in 3:21–27. The same verb will dominate chapter 4, where God 'reckons' righteousness to Abraham.
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Romans 4:3 ἐλογίσθη it was reckoned
For what does the Scripture say? “Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.”
Here: A passive verb whose understood actor is God: God counted it. The word comes from accounting and judging, entering something to a person's account or regarding it as something. Paul builds verses 4–8 on this word.
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Romans 4:4 λογίζεται is reckoned
Now the wages of the worker are not credited as a gift, but as an obligation.
Here: 'Is reckoned', 'is entered in the books as'. This is the same verb as Genesis 15:6 in verse 3 ('it was reckoned to him'), and Paul chooses it on purpose. It is a bookkeeping word for how an entry is classified on someone's account.
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Romans 4:5 λογίζεται is reckoned
However, to the one who does not work, but believes in Him who justifies the ungodly, his faith is credited as righteousness.
Here: 'Is reckoned/credited', a present passive. It states a standing principle, and God is the implied one doing the reckoning (v. 6 says so outright). The word carries over the bookkeeping picture of v. 4.
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Romans 4:6 λογίζεται credits
And David speaks likewise of the blessedness of the man to whom God credits righteousness apart from works:
Here: An accounting and legal word: to enter something in the record, to count something as something. Present tense describes God's settled way of acting. It is the key word that joins Genesis 15:6 ('it was reckoned to him as righteousness') to Psalm 32:2 ('to whom the Lord will not reckon sin').
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Romans 4:8 λογίσηται may reckon
Blessed is the man whose sin the Lord will never count against him.”
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Romans 4:9 ἐλογίσθη was credited
Is this blessing only on the circumcised, or also on the uncircumcised? We have been saying that Abraham’s faith was credited to him as righteousness.
Here: 'Was reckoned', in a passive form that implies God did the reckoning. Placed first for emphasis, it is the word that links Genesis 15:6 to Psalm 32:2 ('whose sin the Lord will not reckon').
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Romans 4:10 ἐλογίσθη; was it credited?
In what context was it credited? Was it after his circumcision, or before? It was not after, but before.
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Romans 4:11 λογισθῆναι to be credited
And he received the sign of circumcision as a seal of the righteousness that he had by faith while he was still uncircumcised. So then, he is the father of all who believe but are not circumcised, in order that righteousness might be credited to them.
Here: 'To be counted/credited', a passive form with God as the one doing the counting. It echoes Genesis 15:6, 'it was counted to him as righteousness', which Paul has been working through since 4:3.
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Romans 4:22 ἐλογίσθη it was credited
This is why “it was credited to him as righteousness.”
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Romans 4:23 ἐλογίσθη it was credited
Now the words “it was credited to him” were written not only for Abraham,
Here: 'It was reckoned / counted / credited.' This is the key verb of Romans 4, which uses it eleven times. It is a bookkeeping and judging word: to enter something into an account, or to judge something to count as something. The passive points to God as the one who did the reckoning. Abraham's trust was counted as righteousness (v. 22).
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Romans 4:24 λογίζεσθαι, to be credited,
but also for us, to whom righteousness will be credited—for us who believe in Him who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead.
Here: 'To be reckoned or credited'. This is the key verb of Genesis 15:6 and of the whole chapter. The passive leaves God as the one who does the reckoning. The thing reckoned is not named. From 4:22 it is 'it', meaning faith, 'reckoned as righteousness'.
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Romans 6:11 λογίζεσθε do consider
So you too must count yourselves dead to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus.
Here: An accounting and reasoning verb: reach a conclusion from the facts and treat it as settled. The form could be read as a statement ("you reckon") or a command ("reckon!"). Most read it as a command, the first one in the letter, and the commands of verses 12–13 follow from it. The present tense suggests something kept up continually.
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Romans 8:18 Λογίζομαι I reckon
I consider that our present sufferings are not comparable to the glory that will be revealed in us.
Here: A worked-out conclusion, like the bottom line of a ledger, not a passing opinion. Paul puts it first for emphasis: "I have done the sums."
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Romans 8:36 ἐλογίσθημεν we were regarded
As it is written: “For Your sake we face death all day long; we are considered as sheep to be slaughtered.”
Here: 'We were counted / reckoned.' This is how others valued and treated them, as worth no more than butcher's stock. It is the same verb Paul uses for God 'reckoning' righteousness (Romans 4) and for his own 'reckoning' in 8:18.
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Romans 9:8 λογίζεται are regarded
So it is not the children of the flesh who are God’s children, but it is the children of the promise who are regarded as offspring.
Here: Present passive. God is the unstated one who does the reckoning, and that reckoning sets a person's status. It is the same verb as "credited as righteousness" in Romans 4.
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Romans 14:14 λογιζομένῳ reckoning
I am convinced and fully persuaded in the Lord Jesus that nothing is unclean in itself. But if anyone regards something as unclean, then for him it is unclean.
Here: A present participle: someone who keeps counting or classing a thing as common. This is a considered judgment of conscience, not a passing feeling. It is the same verb Paul uses in Romans 4 for faith being "counted" as righteousness.
1 Corinthians · 3
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1 Corinthians 4:1 λογιζέσθω should regard
So then, men ought to regard us as servants of Christ and stewards of the mysteries of God.
Here: A command in the third person ('let one reckon'). Its root is accounting and assessing: Paul tells people how to put him and Apollos down in their mental ledger. It is about how leaders are to be evaluated, which is the issue of the whole section (4:3-5).
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1 Corinthians 13:5 λογίζεται it keeps account
It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no account of wrongs.
Here: A bookkeeping word: to count something up, enter it in the ledger, charge it to someone's account. Love does not enter the wrong into its books against the one who did it.
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1 Corinthians 13:11 ἐλογιζόμην I was reasoning
When I was a child, I talked like a child, I thought like a child, I reasoned like a child. When I became a man, I set aside childish ways.
Here: Ongoing past: 'I used to reckon'. This verb is about working things out and weighing them up, the way one adds up an account. A child's way of judging how things stand is limited.
2 Corinthians · 8
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2 Corinthians 3:5 λογίσασθαί to reckon
Not that we are competent in ourselves to claim that anything comes from us, but our competence comes from God.
Here: A bookkeeping and judging word: to count, credit or put something down to someone's account. Here it means to put anything down to our own account as though it came from us.
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2 Corinthians 5:19 λογιζόμενος reckoning
that God was reconciling the world to Himself in Christ, not counting men’s trespasses against them. And He has committed to us the message of reconciliation.
Here: "Reckoning" or "counting up". The picture comes from bookkeeping: entering a debt against someone's name. This verb form describes how God was acting while he reconciled: he was not keeping a ledger of offenses.
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2 Corinthians 10:2 λογίζομαι λογιζομένους I reckon, reckoning
I beg you that when I come I may not need to be as bold as I expect toward those who presume that we live according to the flesh.
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2 Corinthians 10:7 λογιζέσθω he should reckon
You are looking at outward appearances. If anyone is confident that he belongs to Christ, he should remind himself that we belong to Christ just as much as he does.
Here: Third-person command, 'let him reckon / he should work out'. It is a catchword of this section: some 'reckon' Paul walks by the flesh (10:2), and now Paul tells them to do some reckoning of their own.
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2 Corinthians 10:11 λογιζέσθω should realise
Such people should consider that what we are in our letters when absent, we will be in our actions when present.
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2 Corinthians 11:5 Λογίζομαι I reckon
I consider myself in no way inferior to those “super-apostles.”
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2 Corinthians 12:6 λογίσηται may credit
Even if I wanted to boast, I would not be a fool, because I would be speaking the truth. But I refrain, so no one will credit me with more than he sees in me or hears from me,
Galatians · 1
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Galatians 3:6 ἐλογίσθη it was reckoned
So also, “Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.”
Here: A passive verb with an implied subject: God is the one who reckons. "It" is Abraham's trusting. The word comes from bookkeeping and from making judgments: God entered it in the record and ruled on it.
Philippians · 2
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Philippians 3:13 λογίζομαι do consider
Brothers, I do not consider myself yet to have taken hold of it. But one thing I do: Forgetting what is behind and straining toward what is ahead,
Here: A word from bookkeeping and reasoning: to reach a considered verdict. It continues the accounting language of the chapter, where Paul tallied 'gain' and 'loss' (3:7–8). His sober reckoning is that the account is not yet closed.
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Philippians 4:8 λογίζεσθε· do think on;
Finally, brothers, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is admirable—if anything is excellent or praiseworthy—think on these things.
Here: A present-tense command: keep reckoning with these, weigh them, take them into account, let your thinking dwell on them. It is deliberate, evaluating thought, the kind that adds things up and reaches a judgment. Verse 9 then says to practise them.
2 Timothy · 1
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2 Timothy 4:16 λογισθείη. would it be charged!
At my first defense, no one stood with me, but everyone deserted me. May it not be charged against them.
Here: "May it be reckoned." The form is a wish-prayer, and the passive implies God as the one who keeps the account. Paul asks that their failure not be entered against them.
Hebrews · 1
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Hebrews 11:19 λογισάμενος having reasoned
Abraham reasoned that God could raise the dead, and in a sense, he did receive Isaac back from death.
Here: "Having reckoned" or "since he reckoned": a participle explaining how Abraham could do what verse 17 says, offer up Isaac. It describes a conclusion he weighed and reached, the way you reach a total when you add up figures. It is not a hopeful guess.
James · 1
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James 2:23 ἐλογίσθη it was counted
And the Scripture was fulfilled that says, “Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness,” and he was called a friend of God.
Here: "It was reckoned": a bookkeeping and judging word for entering something to someone's account. The passive implies God is the one who reckons. "It" refers to Abraham's believing.
1 Peter · 1
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1 Peter 5:12 λογίζομαι, I regard [him],
Through Silvanus, whom I regard as a faithful brother, I have written to you briefly, encouraging you and testifying that this is the true grace of God. Stand firm in it.
Here: A considered, settled judgment, not a guess. It works as a personal endorsement of Silvanus to the churches.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.