Greek word · G4569
Σαῦλος
saulos
Saul
The Greek form of the Hebrew name Sha'ul ('asked for'). Luke uses Σαῦλος in narration and the Hebrew-style Σαούλ when Jesus speaks to him (9:4; 22:7; 26:14).
Appears 15 times in 15 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·
What it means
Σαῦλος, -ου, ὁ (Hellenized form of Σαούλ, which see),
Saul, the Jewish name of the Apostle Paul: Acts 7:58 8:1, 3 9:1, 8 9:11, 22 9:24 11:25, 30 12:25 13:1-2, 7 13:9.†
(AS)
From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
The Greek form of the Hebrew name Sha'ul ('asked for'). Luke uses Σαῦλος in narration and the Hebrew-style Σαούλ when Jesus speaks to him (9:4; 22:7; 26:14).
- Against the English
English versions all have 'Saul'.
- Used elsewhere in the period
The name of Israel's first king, a Benjamite. Paul says he is 'of the tribe of Benjamin' (Phil 3:5; Rom 11:1). Acts 13:9 introduces his second name: 'Saul, who is also Paul'. Many Jews of the period had both a Semitic and a Greco-Roman name, and Luke switches to 'Paul' at the point where the mission moves into the Gentile world.
Where it appears
Acts · 15
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Acts 7:58 Σαύλου Saul
They dragged him out of the city and began to stone him. Meanwhile the witnesses laid their garments at the feet of a young man named Saul.
Here: The Greek form of the Hebrew name Sha'ul, the name of Israel's first king, who came from Benjamin, Paul's own tribe (Phil 3:5). This is the first time the future apostle Paul appears in Acts, and it happens at the killing of a believer.
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Acts 8:1 Σαῦλος Saul
And Saul was there, giving approval to Stephen’s death. On that day a great persecution broke out against the church in Jerusalem, and all except the apostles were scattered throughout Judea and Samaria.
Here: The Greek form of the Hebrew name Sha'ul, which was also the name of Israel's first king, from the tribe of Benjamin (Paul's own tribe, Phil 3:5). Luke introduced him one verse earlier (7:58) as a 'young man'. Here he moves from the edge of the scene to the centre of it.
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Acts 8:3 Σαῦλος Saul
But Saul began to destroy the church. Going from house to house, he dragged off men and women and put them in prison.
Here: The Greek form of the Hebrew name Sha'ul, the name of Israel's first king, who was also from the tribe of Benjamin, as Paul was (Phil 3:5). Luke placed him at Stephen's stoning in 7:58 and 8:1. Now he steps forward as the main actor.
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Acts 9:1 Σαῦλος Saul
Meanwhile, Saul was still breathing out murderous threats against the disciples of the Lord. He approached the high priest
Here: The Greek form of the Hebrew name Sha'ul, the name of Israel's first king, from the tribe of Benjamin like Paul himself (Phil 3:5). Luke uses it until 13:9, where he starts calling him 'Paul'. It is not a name he loses at conversion.
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Acts 9:8 Σαῦλος Saul
Saul got up from the ground, but when he opened his eyes he could not see a thing. So they led him by the hand into Damascus.
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Acts 9:11 Σαῦλον Saul
“Get up!” the Lord told him. “Go to the house of Judas on Straight Street and ask for a man from Tarsus named Saul, for he is praying.
Here: Greek form of the Hebrew name Sha'ul, the name of Israel's first king, a Benjaminite. Paul was also from the tribe of Benjamin (Phil 3:5). He is the man Ananias knows by reputation as a persecutor (v13).
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Acts 9:22 Σαῦλος Saul
But Saul was empowered all the more, and he confounded the Jews living in Damascus by proving that Jesus is the Christ.
Here: The Greek form of the Hebrew name Sha'ul, the name of Israel's first king, who came from Saul's own tribe of Benjamin (Phil 3:5). Luke keeps calling him 'Saul' until Acts 13:9. The name did not change at his conversion.
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Acts 9:24 Σαύλῳ to Saul
but Saul learned of their plot. Day and night they watched the city gates in order to kill him.
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Acts 11:25 Σαῦλον, Saul,
Then Barnabas went to Tarsus to look for Saul,
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Acts 11:30 Σαύλου.¶ Saul.
This they did, sending their gifts to the elders with Barnabas and Saul.
Here: Saul, still called by his Jewish name. Luke switches to 'Paul' at Acts 13:9. He is named second, as the junior partner to Barnabas at this stage.
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Acts 12:25 Σαῦλος Saul
When Barnabas and Saul had fulfilled their mission to Jerusalem, they returned, bringing with them John, also called Mark.
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Acts 13:1 Σαῦλος. Saul.
Now in the church at Antioch there were prophets and teachers: Barnabas, Simeon called Niger, Lucius of Cyrene, Manaen (who had been brought up with Herod the tetrarch), and Saul.
Here: Saul of Tarsus, under his Hebrew name. He comes last in the list, and from 13:9 onward Luke calls him Paul. Here he is still one local leader among several.
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Acts 13:2 Σαῦλον Saul
While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, “Set apart for Me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.”
Here: Saul of Tarsus, still named second and still called by his Jewish name. From 13:9 Luke calls him "Paul," and from 13:13 he usually comes first.
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Acts 13:7 Σαῦλον Saul
an attendant of the proconsul, Sergius Paulus. The proconsul, a man of intelligence, summoned Barnabas and Saul because he wanted to hear the word of God.
Here: This is the last time the narrator calls him only by his Hebrew name. From verse 9 on, Luke calls him Paul and he usually leads.
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Acts 13:9 Σαῦλος Saul
Then Saul, who was also called Paul, filled with the Holy Spirit, looked directly at Elymas
Here: The Greek form of the Hebrew name Sha'ul ('asked for'). It was the name of Israel's first king, who came from Benjamin, Paul's own tribe (Phil 3:5). Luke has used this form for him since Acts 7:58.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.