Hebrew word · H5560

סֹ֫לֶת

solet

fine flour

The finest grade of wheat flour, made from the hard inner part of the kernel with the bran sifted out. It may have been closer to what we call semolina than to modern powdery white flour.

Appears 53 times in 52 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

fine flour

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Numbers 28:5

Range of meaning

The finest grade of wheat flour, made from the hard inner part of the kernel with the bran sifted out. It may have been closer to what we call semolina than to modern powdery white flour. It is a luxury food: Abraham has cakes of solet made for his divine guests (Gen 18:6), Solomon's court eats it daily (1 Kgs 4:22), and in Ezekiel 16:13, 19 it is a sign of lavish provision.

Against the English

Most versions say 'fine flour' (NIV 'the finest flour'). KJV and YLT say only 'flour', which drops the point that this is the top grade. NLT's 'choice flour' keeps it.

Used elsewhere in the period

The LXX translates it semidalis, the term for the finest wheat flour in Greek usage. The Mishnah (Menachot 6:7; 8:1–2) describes solet sifted through many sieves and names the districts that produced the best. Several scholars (e.g. Milgrom on Leviticus 2) argue that 'semolina' is the better equivalent.

From the study of Leviticus 2:4

Range of meaning

Top-quality milled wheat. Many scholars (HALOT; Milgrom) think it means semolina or groats: the hard inner part of the wheat kernel, sifted out from coarser meal (qemaḥ). Others keep the traditional 'fine flour'. Either way it is the premium product, eaten by the wealthy (1 Kgs 5:2 [4:22 Eng], Solomon's daily provisions; Ezek 16:13, 19, luxury food).

Against the English

'Fine flour' (KJV, BSB, WEB, ESV), 'choice flour' (NLT), and just 'flour' (YLT). 'Flour' is fair, but modern readers may picture roller-milled white powder. Ancient sōlet was hand-ground and sifted, and possibly granular rather than powdery.

Used elsewhere in the period

The Septuagint renders it semidalis, the Greek term for the finest wheat flour (cognate with Latin simila). Ancient Near Eastern ration and temple texts likewise give the best flour to gods and kings.

From the study of 2 Kings 7:1

Range of meaning

The choicest product of wheat. Many scholars, following Milgrom and HALOT, take it as semolina: the hard, granular inner part of the wheat kernel, separated from coarser meal (qemaḥ). It is distinct from ordinary flour and was used for grain offerings (Lev 2), for honoured guests (Gen 18:6) and on the royal table (1 Kgs 4:22).

Against the English

"Fine flour" (KJV, BSB, WEB, ESV) or "finest flour" (NIV) gets the prestige right. To modern ears, though, "fine" can suggest powdery, bleached cake flour, and the ancient product was likely granular.

How it drifted

The English "fine flour" comes from older tradition (Vulgate simila, LXX semidalis, both words for the best wheat meal). Modern milling has changed what "fine flour" brings to mind.

Used elsewhere in the period

LXX regularly renders it semidalis (choice wheat meal), and the Vulgate simila. Mishnaic Hebrew keeps the sense "best flour."

Where it appears

Genesis · 1
  1. Genesis 18:6 סֹ֔לֶת fine flour

    So Abraham hurried into the tent and said to Sarah, “Quick! Prepare three seahs of fine flour, knead it, and bake some bread.”

    Here: The best, finely ground wheat flour, the kind later required for grain offerings to God. It shows the quality of what is being served.

Exodus · 2
  1. Exodus 29:2 סֹ֥לֶת fine flour of

    along with unleavened bread, unleavened cakes mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil. Make them out of fine wheat flour,

  2. Exodus 29:40 סֹ֜לֶת fine flour

    With the first lamb offer a tenth of an ephah of fine flour, mixed with a quarter hin of oil from pressed olives, and a drink offering of a quarter hin of wine.

    Here: The choicest grade of wheat meal, the kind served to honoured guests and at royal tables. It is not ordinary household flour.

Leviticus · 14
  1. Leviticus 2:1 סֹ֖לֶת fine flour

    “When anyone brings a grain offering to the LORD, his offering must consist of fine flour. He is to pour olive oil on it, put frankincense on it,

    Here: Choice flour from wheat (compare Exodus 29:2, 'solet of wheat'). It was a premium product, the kind of flour served at a king's table, not ordinary household meal. It comes first in the clause for emphasis: '*choice flour* it must be'.

  2. Leviticus 2:2 מִסָּלְתָּהּ֙ from fine flour its

    and bring it to Aaron’s sons the priests. The priest shall take a handful of the flour and oil, together with all the frankincense, and burn this as a memorial portion on the altar, a food offering, a pleasing aroma to the LORD.

    Here: 'From its solet': the choice wheat product of v.1, probably the coarse, hard inner grits of wheat (semolina) rather than modern powdery white flour. A quality food, fit for a guest of honour.

  3. Leviticus 2:4 סֹ֣לֶת fine flour of

    Now if you bring an offering of grain baked in an oven, it must consist of fine flour, either unleavened cakes mixed with oil or unleavened wafers coated with oil.

    Here: The best-quality milled wheat. It states what the breads must be made of: whatever form they take, the material is top-grade flour.

  4. Leviticus 2:5 סֹ֛לֶת fine flour

    If your offering is a grain offering prepared on a griddle, it must be unleavened bread made of fine flour mixed with oil.

  5. Leviticus 2:7 סֹ֥לֶת fine flour

    If your offering is a grain offering cooked in a pan, it must consist of fine flour with oil.

  6. Leviticus 5:11 סֹ֖לֶת fine flour

    But if he cannot afford two turtledoves or two young pigeons, he may bring a tenth of an ephah of fine flour as a sin offering. He must not put olive oil or frankincense on it, because it is a sin offering.

  7. Leviticus 6:15 מִסֹּ֤לֶת some of [the] fine flour of

    The priest is to remove a handful of fine flour and olive oil, together with all the frankincense from the grain offering, and burn the memorial portion on the altar as a pleasing aroma to the LORD.

  8. Leviticus 6:20 סֹ֛לֶת fine flour

    “This is the offering that Aaron and his sons must present to the LORD on the day he is anointed: a tenth of an ephah of fine flour as a regular grain offering, half of it in the morning and half in the evening.

  9. Leviticus 7:12 וְסֹ֣לֶת and fine flour

    If he offers it in thanksgiving, then along with the sacrifice of thanksgiving he shall offer unleavened cakes mixed with olive oil, unleavened wafers coated with oil, and well-kneaded cakes of fine flour mixed with oil.

    Here: The best grade of wheat flour, the kind served at a king's table (1 Kgs 4:22). This introduces the third kind of bread.

  10. Leviticus 14:10 סֹ֤לֶת fine flour

    On the eighth day he is to bring two unblemished male lambs, an unblemished ewe lamb a year old, a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with olive oil, and one log of olive oil.

    Here: The best grade of wheat meal, the kind of flour served to honoured guests and kings (1 Kgs 4:22).

  11. Leviticus 14:21 סֹ֜לֶת fine flour

    If, however, the person is poor and cannot afford these offerings, he is to take one male lamb as a guilt offering to be waved to make atonement for him, along with a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with olive oil for a grain offering, a log of olive oil,

  12. Leviticus 23:13 סֹ֣לֶת fine flour

    along with its grain offering of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil—a food offering to the LORD, a pleasing aroma—and its drink offering of a quarter hin of wine.

    Here: The best grade of wheat meal, probably the hard inner grits of the grain (something like semolina). It was the quality flour fit for honoured guests and for God's table.

  13. Leviticus 23:17 סֹ֣לֶת fine flour

    Bring two loaves of bread from your dwellings as a wave offering, each made from two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour, baked with leaven, as the firstfruits to the LORD.

  14. Leviticus 24:5 סֹ֔לֶת fine flour

    You are also to take fine flour and bake twelve loaves, using two-tenths of an ephah for each loaf,

    Here: The best grade of wheat meal, the flour used for grain offerings (Lev 2:1). It marks the bread as top quality, fit to be set before God.

Numbers · 27
  1. Numbers 6:15 סֹ֤לֶת fine flour of

    together with their grain offerings and drink offerings—and a basket of unleavened cakes made from fine flour mixed with oil and unleavened wafers coated with oil.

  2. Numbers 7:13 סֹ֛לֶת fine flour

    His offering was one silver platter weighing a hundred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels, both according to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering;

  3. Numbers 7:19 סֹ֛לֶת fine flour

    The offering he presented was one silver platter weighing a hundred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels, both according to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering;

  4. Numbers 7:25 סֹ֛לֶת fine flour

    His offering was one silver platter weighing a hundred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels, both according to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering;

  5. Numbers 7:31 סֹ֛לֶת fine flour

    His offering was one silver platter weighing a hundred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels, both according to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering;

  6. Numbers 7:37 סֹ֛לֶת fine flour

    His offering was one silver platter weighing a hundred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels, both according to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering;

  7. Numbers 7:43 סֹ֛לֶת fine flour

    His offering was one silver platter weighing a hundred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels, both according to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering;

    Here: The best grade of milled wheat, probably something like semolina. It is the standard ingredient of the grain offering (Lev 2:1).

  8. Numbers 7:49 סֹ֛לֶת fine flour

    His offering was one silver platter weighing a hundred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels, both according to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering;

  9. Numbers 7:55 סֹ֛לֶת fine flour

    His offering was one silver platter weighing a hundred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels, both according to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering;

    Here: High-grade wheat flour or groats, the best part of the milled grain. It is the standard ingredient of the grain offering (Lev 2:1).

  10. Numbers 7:61 סֹ֛לֶת fine flour

    His offering was one silver platter weighing a hundred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels, both according to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering;

  11. Numbers 7:67 סֹ֛לֶת fine flour

    His offering was one silver platter weighing a hundred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels, both according to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering;

  12. Numbers 7:73 סֹ֛לֶת fine flour

    His offering was one silver platter weighing a hundred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels, both according to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering;

  13. Numbers 7:79 סֹ֛לֶת fine flour

    His offering was one silver platter weighing a hundred and thirty shekels, and one silver bowl weighing seventy shekels, both according to the sanctuary shekel and filled with fine flour mixed with oil for a grain offering;

  14. Numbers 8:8 סֹ֖לֶת fine flour

    Then have them take a young bull with its grain offering of fine flour mixed with oil, and you are to take a second young bull for a sin offering.

  15. Numbers 15:4 סֹ֣לֶת fine flour

    then the one presenting his offering to the LORD shall also present a grain offering of a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with a quarter hin of olive oil.

    Here: The best grade of wheat flour, a luxury product rather than everyday coarse meal. It stands in apposition to minḥah: the gift consists of fine flour.

  16. Numbers 15:6 סֹ֖לֶת fine flour

    With a ram you are to prepare a grain offering of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with a third of a hin of olive oil,

  17. Numbers 15:9 סֹ֖לֶת fine flour

    present with the bull a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with half a hin of olive oil.

  18. Numbers 28:5 סֹ֖לֶת fine flour

    along with a tenth of an ephah of fine flour as a grain offering, mixed with a quarter hin of oil from pressed olives.

    Here: The best grade of wheat flour (or semolina), the kind of flour served to honoured guests and kings (Gen 18:6; 1 Kgs 4:22). It stands in contrast to ordinary coarse meal (qemach).

  19. Numbers 28:9 סֹ֧לֶת fine flour

    On the Sabbath day, present two unblemished year-old male lambs, accompanied by a grain offering of two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil, as well as a drink offering.

  20. Numbers 28:12 סֹ֤לֶת סֹ֤לֶת fine flour

    along with three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a grain offering with each bull, two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a grain offering with the ram,

  21. Numbers 28:13 סֹ֤לֶת fine flour

    and a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a grain offering with each lamb. This is a burnt offering, a pleasing aroma, a food offering to the LORD.

  22. Numbers 28:20 סֹ֖לֶת fine flour

    The grain offering shall consist of fine flour mixed with oil; offer three-tenths of an ephah with each bull, two-tenths of an ephah with the ram,

  23. Numbers 28:28 סֹ֖לֶת fine flour

    together with their grain offerings of fine flour mixed with oil—three-tenths of an ephah with each bull, two-tenths of an ephah with the ram,

  24. Numbers 29:3 סֹ֖לֶת fine flour

    together with their grain offerings of fine flour mixed with oil—three-tenths of an ephah with the bull, two-tenths of an ephah with the ram,

  25. Numbers 29:9 סֹ֖לֶת fine flour

    together with their grain offerings of fine flour mixed with oil—three-tenths of an ephah with the bull, two-tenths of an ephah with the ram,

  26. Numbers 29:14 סֹ֖לֶת fine flour

    along with the grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil with each of the thirteen bulls, two-tenths of an ephah with each of the two rams,

1 Kings · 1
  1. 1 Kings 4:22 סֹ֔לֶת fine flour

    Solomon’s provisions for a single day were thirty cors of fine flour, sixty cors of meal,

2 Kings · 3
  1. 2 Kings 7:1 סֹ֣לֶת fine flour

    Then Elisha said, “Hear the word of the LORD! This is what the LORD says: ‘About this time tomorrow at the gate of Samaria, a seah of fine flour will sell for a shekel, and two seahs of barley will sell for a shekel.’”

    Here: The best wheat product, the kind presented in grain offerings and served at royal tables (1 Kgs 4:22). In a city reduced to eating donkey heads, the finest food becomes cheap.

  2. 2 Kings 7:16 סֹ֜לֶת fine flour

    Then the people went out and plundered the camp of the Arameans. It was then that a seah of fine flour sold for a shekel, and two seahs of barley sold for a shekel, according to the word of the LORD.

  3. 2 Kings 7:18 סֹ֙לֶת֙ fine flour

    It happened just as the man of God had told the king: “About this time tomorrow at the gate of Samaria, two seahs of barley will sell for a shekel, and a seah of fine flour will sell for a shekel.”

1 Chronicles · 2
  1. 1 Chronicles 9:29 הַסֹּ֙לֶת֙ the fine flour

    Others were put in charge of the furnishings and other articles of the sanctuary, as well as the fine flour, wine, oil, frankincense, and spices.

    Here: The choice wheat flour of the grain offering (Lev 2:1) and the bread of the Presence (Lev 24:5). It was probably semolina, the best grits from the heart of the wheat kernel, rather than powder-fine modern flour.

  2. 1 Chronicles 23:29 וּלְסֹ֤לֶת and to fine flour

    as well as for the rows of the showbread, the fine flour for the grain offering, the wafers of unleavened bread, the baking, the mixing, and all measurements of quantity and size.

Ezekiel · 3
  1. Ezekiel 16:13 סֹ֧לֶת fine flour

    So you were adorned with gold and silver, and your clothing was made of fine linen, silk, and embroidered cloth. You ate fine flour, honey, and oil. You became very beautiful and rose to be queen.

    Here: The top grade of wheat flour. It was used for grain offerings (Lev 2:1) and was part of Solomon's daily royal supplies (1 Kgs 4:22). This is the food of kings and of the altar, not ordinary bread.

  2. Ezekiel 16:19 סֹ֣לֶת fine flour

    And you set before them as a pleasing aroma the food I had given you—the fine flour, oil, and honey that I had fed you. That is what happened, declares the Lord GOD.

    Here: Finely ground wheat flour, a luxury food and the standard material of grain offerings (Lev 2:1). In v.13 it is part of the royal diet YHWH gave his bride.

  3. Ezekiel 46:14 הַסֹּ֑לֶת the fine flour

    You are also to provide with it every morning a grain offering of a sixth of an ephah with a third of a hin of oil to moisten the fine flour—a grain offering to the LORD. This is a permanent statute.

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