נׇכְרִי

Genesis 31:15 נָכְרִיּ֛וֹת foreigners

Are we not regarded by him as outsiders? Not only has he sold us, but he has certainly squandered what was paid for us.

Exodus 2:22 נָכְרִיָּֽה׃ פ foreign

And she gave birth to a son, and Moses named him Gershom, saying, “I have become a foreigner in a foreign land.”

Here: 'Foreign': a land that belongs to another people, where Moses has no kin. The open paragraph mark (פ) after this word ends the Midian section before the scene turns back to Egypt.

Exodus 18:3 נָכְרִיָּֽה׃ foreign

along with her two sons. One son was named Gershom, for Moses had said, “I have been a foreigner in a foreign land.”

Exodus 21:8 נָכְרִ֛י foreign

If she is displeasing in the eyes of her master who had designated her for himself, he must allow her to be redeemed. He has no right to sell her to foreigners, since he has broken faith with her.

Deuteronomy 14:21 לְנָכְרִ֔י to a foreigner

You are not to eat any carcass; you may give it to the foreigner residing within your gates, and he may eat it, or you may sell it to a foreigner. For you are a holy people belonging to the LORD your God. You must not cook a young goat in its mother’s milk.

Here: 'To a foreigner': an outsider with no ties to the community, such as a passing trader. He is not under Israel's covenant obligations and not covered by its welfare protections, so he pays for the meat, while the resident sojourner gets it free.

Deuteronomy 15:3 הַנָּכְרִ֖י the foreigner

You may collect something from a foreigner, but you must forgive whatever your brother owes you.

Deuteronomy 17:15 נָכְרִ֔י foreign

you are to appoint over yourselves the king whom the LORD your God shall choose. Appoint a king from among your brothers; you are not to set over yourselves a foreigner who is not one of your brothers.

Deuteronomy 23:20 לַנָּכְרִ֣י to the foreigner

You may charge a foreigner interest, but not your brother, so that the LORD your God may bless you in everything to which you put your hand in the land that you are entering to possess.

Deuteronomy 29:22 וְהַ֨נָּכְרִ֔י and the foreigner

Then the generation to come—your sons who follow you and the foreigner who comes from a distant land—will see the plagues of the land and the sicknesses the LORD has inflicted on it.

Judges 19:12 נָכְרִ֔י foreign

But his master replied, “We will not turn aside to the city of foreigners, where there are no Israelites. We will go on to Gibeah.”

Ruth 2:10 נָכְרִיָּֽה׃ [am] a foreigner

At this, she fell on her face, bowing low to the ground, and said to him, “Why have I found such favor in your eyes that you should take notice of me, even though I am a foreigner?”

Here: An outsider of another nation, not just someone unfamiliar. It is the strongest outsider word available, and coming from a Moabite woman it carries legal and social weight (compare Deut 23:3).

2 Samuel 15:19 נָכְרִ֣י [are] a foreigner

Then the king said to Ittai the Gittite, “Why should you also go with us? Go back and stay with the new king, since you are both a foreigner and an exile from your homeland.

1 Kings 8:41 הַנָּכְרִ֔י the foreigner

And as for the foreigner who is not of Your people Israel but has come from a distant land because of Your name—

Here: A non-Israelite from another nation. He is not the resident immigrant (ger) who lives inside Israel under its protection, but a true outsider. The article ('the foreigner') presents him as a type of person, as with the other cases in the prayer.

1 Kings 8:43 הַנָּכְרִ֑י the foreigner

then may You hear from heaven, Your dwelling place, and do according to all for which the foreigner calls to You. Then all the peoples of the earth will know Your name and fear You, as do Your people Israel, and they will know that this house I have built is called by Your Name.

Here: 'The foreigner': an outsider who is not of Israel's people, coming from a 'far land' (v.41). The word is held back to the end of the clause, which makes it stand out.

1 Kings 11:1 נָכְרִיּ֛וֹת foreign

King Solomon, however, loved many foreign women along with the daughter of Pharaoh—women of Moab, Ammon, Edom, and Sidon, as well as Hittite women.

Here: Women from other peoples, outsiders to Israel's kinship and covenant. KJV's 'strange' meant exactly this in 1611. It does not mean odd. The phrase is the one Nehemiah 13:26 later uses when it cites Solomon as a warning.

1 Kings 11:8 הַנָּכְרִיּ֑וֹת <the> foreign

He did the same for all his foreign wives, who burned incense and sacrificed to their gods.

2 Chronicles 6:32 הַנָּכְרִ֗י the foreigner

And as for the foreigner who is not of Your people Israel but has come from a distant land because of Your great name and Your mighty hand and outstretched arm—when he comes and prays toward this temple,

Here: A person of another nation, an outsider by birth. This is not the resident alien who lives among Israel (the ger). He is someone whose home and people are somewhere else.

2 Chronicles 6:33 הַנָּכְרִ֑י the foreigner

then may You hear from heaven, Your dwelling place, and do according to all for which the foreigner calls to You. Then all the peoples of the earth will know Your name and fear You, as do Your people Israel, and they will know that this house I have built is called by Your Name.

Ezra 10:2 נָכְרִיּ֖וֹת foreign

Then Shecaniah son of Jehiel, an Elamite, said to Ezra: “We have been unfaithful to our God by marrying foreign women from the people of the land, yet in spite of this, there is hope for Israel.

Ezra 10:10 נָכְרִיּ֑וֹת foreign

Then Ezra the priest stood up and said to them, “You have been unfaithful by marrying foreign women, adding to the guilt of Israel.

Ezra 10:11 הַנָּכְרִיּֽוֹת׃ <the> foreign

Now, therefore, make a confession to the LORD, the God of your fathers, and do His will. Separate yourselves from the people of the land and from your foreign wives.”

Here: 'Foreign' in the sense of belonging to another people, an outsider to the community. It is the same word Ruth the Moabite uses of herself (Ruth 2:10). Whether 'foreign' here was meant ethnically, religiously, or socially is debated (see debates).

Ezra 10:14 נָכְרִיּוֹת֙ foreign

Let our leaders represent the whole assembly. Then let everyone in our towns who has married a foreign woman come at an appointed time, together with the elders and judges of each town, until the fierce anger of our God in this matter is turned away from us.”

Ezra 10:17 נָכְרִיּ֑וֹת foreign

and by the first day of the first month they had dealt with all the men who had married foreign women.

Ezra 10:18 נָכְרִיּ֑וֹת foreign

Among the descendants of the priests who had married foreign women were found these descendants of Jeshua son of Jozadak and his brothers: Maaseiah, Eliezer, Jarib, and Gedaliah.

Ezra 10:44 נָכְרִיּ֑וֹת foreign

All these men had married foreign women, and some of them had children by these wives.

Nehemiah 13:26 הַנָּכְרִיּֽוֹת׃ <the> foreign

Did not King Solomon of Israel sin in matters like this? There was not a king like him among many nations, and he was loved by his God, who made him king over all Israel—yet foreign women drew him into sin.

Here: Women from outside Israel who stayed outsiders to its covenant and its God. It is the same phrase used in 1 Kings 11:1 and throughout Ezra 10, and it ends the verse on the very issue Nehemiah is fighting.

Nehemiah 13:27 נָכְרִיּֽוֹת׃ foreign

Must we now hear that you too are doing all this terrible evil and acting unfaithfully against our God by marrying foreign women?”

Job 19:15 נָ֝כְרִ֗י a foreigner

My guests and maidservants count me as a stranger; I am a foreigner in their sight.

Psalm 69:8 וְ֝נָכְרִ֗י and a foreigner

I have become a stranger to my brothers and a foreigner to my mother’s sons,

Proverbs 2:16 מִ֝נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה from a foreign [woman]

It will rescue you from the forbidden woman, from the stranger with seductive words

Here: 'From a foreign / alien woman.' This line repeats and sharpens the first one. Elsewhere the word can mean ethnically foreign (Ruth 2:10). In Proverbs it more often means 'someone not your own' (27:2). Here it stresses that she lies outside his legitimate relations. Whether it also means ethnic foreignness is debated.

Proverbs 5:10 נָכְרִֽי׃ a foreigner

lest strangers feast on your wealth, and your labors enrich the house of a foreigner.

Here: A person who is not your own, an outsider to your family. It pairs with zarim as a near-synonym and echoes the nokhriyyah, the 'foreign woman', of 5:20 and 2:16.

Proverbs 5:20 נָכְרִיָּֽה׃ a foreign [woman]

Why be captivated, my son, by an adulteress, or embrace the bosom of a stranger?

Here: Literally 'foreign', someone not of one's own people or household. Paired with 'strange' (zārāh), it marks the woman as wholly outside what belongs to the young man. In Proverbs 1–9 she is pictured as a married woman who has abandoned her own husband, so the 'foreignness' is mainly about belonging, not necessarily nationality.

Proverbs 6:24 נָכְרִיָּֽה׃ a foreign [woman]

to keep you from the evil woman, from the smooth tongue of the adulteress.

Here: "Foreign woman," one outside the circle the young man may rightly claim. In this passage that means another man's wife, not mainly someone of another nationality. KJV's "strange woman" means "stranger" or "outsider", not "odd".

Proverbs 7:5 מִ֝נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה from a foreign [woman]

that they may keep you from the adulteress, from the stranger with seductive words.

Here: "From the foreign woman", a parallel to "outsider". The word can mean a foreigner by nation, but in Proverbs it often just means "someone else's" or "not of your household". Here it marks her as another man's wife.

Proverbs 20:16 נָכְרִיָּ֣ה a foreign [woman]

Take the garment of the one who posts security for a stranger; get collateral if it is for a foreigner.

Proverbs 23:27 נָכְרִיָּֽה׃ a foreign [woman]

For a prostitute is a deep pit, and an adulteress is a narrow well.

Proverbs 27:2 נָ֝כְרִ֗י a foreigner

Let another praise you, and not your own mouth—a stranger, and not your own lips.

Here: A person from outside your people or clan. It goes one step further than 'outsider': let even someone with no tie to you be the one who speaks well of you.

Proverbs 27:13 נָכְרִיָּ֣ה a foreign [woman]

Take the garment of him who posts security for a stranger; get collateral if it is for a foreigner.

Ecclesiastes 6:2 נָכְרִ֖י foreign

God gives a man riches, wealth, and honor, so that he lacks nothing his heart desires; but God does not allow him to enjoy them. Instead, a stranger will enjoy them. This is futile and a grievous affliction.

Here: "Foreign / outsider": someone outside his family and household. He is not an heir. In a kinship culture this was the worst place for property to end up.

Isaiah 2:6 נָכְרִ֖ים foreigners

For You have abandoned Your people, the house of Jacob, because they are filled with influences from the east; they are soothsayers like the Philistines; they strike hands with the children of foreigners.

Here: 'Foreigners': outsiders who belong to no covenant with Israel's God, as opposed to resident aliens (gērîm) who live among Israel under its law. The word stresses that these people are alien and not bound to YHWH.

Isaiah 28:21 נָכְרִיָּ֖ה [is] alien

For the LORD will rise up as at Mount Perazim. He will rouse Himself as in the Valley of Gibeon, to do His work, His strange work, and to perform His task, His disturbing task.

Here: The usual word for a foreigner, someone from another people. "Foreign is his labour!" sharpens zār: what Yahweh does will look like the work of a foreign power.

Jeremiah 2:21 נָכְרִיָּֽה׃ alien

I had planted you like a choice vine from the very best seed. How could you turn yourself before Me into a rotten, wild vine?

Here: 'Foreign', 'not of the household': a vine that is not what the owner planted, alien stock. The word also suggests foreign gods and the 'foreign woman', which ties the plant image back to the unfaithfulness of verse 20.

Lamentations 5:2 לְנָכְרִֽים׃ to foreigners

Our inheritance has been turned over to strangers, our houses to foreigners.

Obadiah 1:11 וְנָכְרִ֞ים and foreigners

On the day you stood aloof while strangers carried off his wealth and foreigners entered his gate and cast lots for Jerusalem, you were just like one of them.

Zephaniah 1:8 נָכְרִֽי׃ foreign

“On the Day of the LORD’s sacrifice I will punish the princes, the sons of the king, and all who are dressed in foreign apparel.