Greek word · G5455
φωνέω
phōneō
to call
To make a sound or speak loudly, to call out, to summon someone, to address someone by a name. It comes from phōnē, 'voice'.
Appears 43 times in 39 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·
What it means
φωνέω, -ῶ
(φωνή), [in LXX for קָרָא (Jeremiah 17:11, al.), etc. ;]
I. Intrans.
1. Of persons, to call out, cry out, speak aloud: Luke 8:8; φωνῇ μεγάλῃ, Mark 1:26, Acts 16:28; ἐφώνησε (φωνῇ μεγάλῇ) λέγων, Luke 8:54, Revelation 14:18; φωνήσαντες ἐπύθοντο, Acts 10:18.
2. Of the cries of animals (rarely in cl.; Isaiah 38:14, Je, l.with): of a cock, to crow, Matthew 26:34, Mark 14:30, Luke 22:3, John 13:38 18:27.
II. Trans. (in cl. chiefly poët.), with accusative of person(s), to call, summon, invite: Matthew 20:32 27:47, Mark 9:35 10:49 15:35, Luke 14:12 16:2 19:15, John 1:49 2:9 4:16 10:3 11:28 12:17 18:33, Acts 9:41 10:7; to address, call by name (Soph.), John 13:13 (cf. ἀνα-, ἐπι-, προσ-, συν-φωνέω).†
(AS)
From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
To make a sound or speak loudly, to call out, to summon someone, to address someone by a name. It comes from phōnē, 'voice'.
- Against the English
'Called' is correct. A modern reader may hear 'called' in the church sense of a vocation or 'calling', but the word here just means Philip summoned him: 'Come and see' (v. 46).
- Used elsewhere in the period
John uses it of summoning people: 'Jesus called the bridegroom' (2:9), Martha 'called her sister Mary' (11:28), the shepherd 'calls his own sheep by name' (10:3). BDAG s.v. φωνέω.
- Range of meaning
To make a sound (of animals, such as a rooster crowing, John 13:38); to call out loudly; to summon someone; to address someone by a name or title.
- Against the English
'Call' is accurate. The present tense ('you call') points to their regular way of speaking, not a single occasion.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Used with the sense 'address by a title' in classical and Koine Greek. Here the titles are quoted in the nominative case with the article, as names. Grammars of New Testament Greek (e.g. Wallace) cite this exact verse as an example of a title quoted as a name.
- Range of meaning
To make a sound or speak aloud. To call out, call to someone, summon, or invite. Also used of a rooster crowing.
- Against the English
All the major versions have 'called', which is accurate. The English verb is weaker than the scene it refers to, though. In 11:43 Jesus 'cried out with a loud voice' (phōnē megalē ekraugasen), and here phōneō sums up that loud call.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Its root, phōnē ('voice'), matters in John. 5:25–28 says 'the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God... all who are in the tombs will hear his voice and come out.' In 10:3 the shepherd 'calls his own sheep by name' (phōnei) and leads them out.
Where it appears
Matthew · 5
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Matthew 20:32 ἐφώνησεν called
Jesus stopped and called them. “What do you want Me to do for you?” He asked.
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Matthew 26:34 φωνῆσαι crowing
“Truly I tell you,” Jesus declared, “this very night, before the rooster crows, you will deny Me three times.”
Here: 'To sound out' or 'to crow'. The form views it as a single event: the first crowing marks the deadline.
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Matthew 26:74 ἐφώνησεν. crowed.
At that he began to curse and swear to them, “I do not know the man!” And immediately a rooster crowed.
Here: A plain past tense: 'sounded, called out'. The same verb Jesus used in his prediction ('before a rooster calls', 26:34), so the wording itself tells the reader the prophecy has come true.
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Matthew 26:75 φωνῆσαι crowing
Then Peter remembered the word that Jesus had spoken: “Before the rooster crows, you will deny Me three times.” And he went outside and wept bitterly.
Here: 'To give voice'. With a rooster, it means crowing. The same verb is used in v.74 for the actual crow.
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Matthew 27:47 φωνεῖ calls
When some of those standing there heard this, they said, “He is calling Elijah.”
Here: Present tense, 'he is calling'. It means calling out to someone or summoning them. They take the cry as a call for Elijah to come and help.
Mark · 10
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Mark 1:26 φωνῆσαν having shouted
At this, the unclean spirit threw the man into convulsions and came out with a loud shriek.
Here: To make a loud sound or call out. Paired with 'with a great voice', it describes a loud outcry. Mark records no words, unlike the spirit's speech in v.24.
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Mark 9:35 ἐφώνησεν He called
Sitting down, Jesus called the Twelve and said, “If anyone wants to be first, he must be the last of all and the servant of all.”
Here: He summons them, gathering the group around him on purpose for what he is about to say.
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Mark 10:49 φωνήσατε φωνοῦσιν φωνεῖ do call, they call, He calls
Jesus stopped and said, “Call him.” So they called the blind man. “Take courage!” they said. “Get up! He is calling for you.”
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Mark 14:30 φωνῆσαι crowing
“Truly I tell you,” Jesus replied, “this very night, before the rooster crows twice, you will deny Me three times.”
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Mark 14:68 ἐφώνησεν. crowed.
But he denied it. “I do not know or even understand what you are talking about,” he said. Then he went out to the gateway, and the rooster crowed.
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Mark 14:72 ἐφώνησεν, φωνῆσαι crowed,, crowing
And immediately the rooster crowed a second time. Then Peter remembered the word that Jesus had spoken to him: “Before the rooster crows twice, you will deny Me three times.” And he broke down and wept.
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Mark 15:35 φωνεῖ. He calls.
When some of those standing nearby heard this, they said, “Behold, He is calling Elijah.”
Here: Present tense: 'he is calling (for)'. Φωνέω means calling someone to come, as in summoning help (compare 10:49, where people 'call' the blind man). They take Jesus' cry as a call for Elijah to come and rescue him.
Luke · 10
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Luke 8:8 ἐφώνει· He was calling out;
Still other seed fell on good soil, where it sprang up and produced a crop—a hundredfold.” As Jesus said this, He called out, “He who has ears to hear, let him hear.”
Here: Not ordinary speech but a loud call, fitting the huge crowd of verse 4. The past-continuous form ('he was calling out') makes the scene vivid and may suggest he repeated it.
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Luke 8:54 ἐφώνησεν called out
But Jesus took her by the hand and called out, “Child, get up!”
Here: He raised his voice and called, the way you call someone to wake them or summon them. This fits his words in v. 52 that she is “sleeping”.
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Luke 14:12 φώνει do call
Then Jesus said to the man who had invited Him, “When you host a dinner or a banquet, do not invite your friends or brothers or relatives or rich neighbors. Otherwise, they may invite you in return, and you will be repaid.
Here: 'Be calling', meaning summon or invite. It is a near-synonym of kaleō. The present tense targets the host's habitual guest list.
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Luke 16:2 φωνήσας having called
So he called him in to ask, ‘What is this I hear about you? Turn in an account of your management, for you cannot be manager any longer.’
Here: 'Having called' him: a summons into the master's presence. The past form puts the summoning before the speech. This is an official confrontation, not a chat.
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Luke 16:24 φωνήσας having cried out
So he cried out, ‘Father Abraham, have mercy on me and send Lazarus to dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue. For I am in agony in this fire.’
Here: He raises his voice to call across a distance (Abraham is 'far off', v. 23). The word fits the 'great chasm' of verse 26: he has to shout to be heard.
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Luke 19:15 φωνηθῆναι to be called
When he returned from procuring his kingship, he summoned the servants to whom he had given the money, to find out what each one had earned.
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Luke 22:34 φωνήσει will crow
But Jesus replied, “I tell you, Peter, the rooster will not crow today until you have denied three times that you know Me.”
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Luke 22:60 ἐφώνησεν crowed
“Man, I do not know what you are talking about,” Peter replied. And immediately, while he was still speaking, the rooster crowed.
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Luke 22:61 φωνῆσαι crowing
And the Lord turned and looked at Peter. Then Peter remembered the word that the Lord had spoken to him: “Before the rooster crows today, you will deny Me three times.”
Here: 'To crow'. It is the same verb Luke has just used in verse 60, 'the rooster crowed'. The wording of the prediction matches the event exactly.
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Luke 23:46 φωνήσας having called out
Then Jesus called out in a loud voice, “Father, into Your hands I commit My Spirit.” And when He had said this, He breathed His last.
Here: A loud, public call, not a whisper. The participle shows the crying out and the speaking as one act: he cried out, saying.
John · 13
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John 1:48 φωνῆσαι calling
“How do You know me?” Nathanael asked. Jesus replied, “Before Philip called you, I saw you under the fig tree.”
Here: To call out to, summon. It looks back to v. 45, where Philip 'finds' Nathanael and says 'Come and see.' It means summoning by voice, not 'calling' in the later sense of a vocation.
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John 2:9 φωνεῖ calls
and the master of the banquet tasted the water that had been turned into wine. He did not know where it was from, but the servants who had drawn the water knew. Then he called the bridegroom aside
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John 4:16 φώνησον do call
Jesus told her, “Go, call your husband and come back.”
Here: "Call" in the sense of summoning someone to come. The command is one complete action: fetch him.
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John 9:18 ἐφώνησαν they called
The Jews still did not believe that the man had been blind and had received his sight until they summoned his parents
Here: Literally 'voiced', meaning they called for the parents. In this inquiry it amounts to summoning witnesses.
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John 9:24 Ἐφώνησαν They called
So a second time they called for the man who had been blind and said, “Give glory to God! We know that this man is a sinner.”
Here: They summoned him by calling him in. This is an official recall of a witness by the authorities, not a friendly invitation.
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John 10:3 φωνεῖ he shouts to
The gatekeeper opens the gate for him, and the sheep listen for his voice. He calls his own sheep by name and leads them out.
Here: Calling out with the voice, made from the same root as phōnē "voice": he *voices* them. It describes the shepherd's call across the courtyard that brings each animal to him.
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John 11:28 ἐφώνησεν φωνεῖ she called, He calls
After Martha had said this, she went back and called her sister Mary aside to tell her, “The Teacher is here and is asking for you.”
Here: 'Called' in the sense of summoning someone, getting their attention with the voice. The same verb returns at the end of the verse for what Jesus is doing ('he calls you'), so Martha's call carries his.
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John 12:17 ἐφώνησεν He called
Meanwhile, many people who had been with Jesus when He called Lazarus from the tomb and raised him from the dead continued to testify.
Here: A single act of calling aloud. It looks back to 11:43, where Jesus 'cried out with a loud voice, Lazarus, come out!' The point is that Jesus' voice alone brought the dead man out.
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John 13:13 φωνεῖτέ call
You call Me Teacher and Lord, and rightly so, because I am.
Here: Present tense, describing their habit: this is how they normally speak to him. Here it means 'call someone by a name or title', not 'summon'.
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John 13:38 φωνήσῃ may crow
“Will you lay down your life for Me?” Jesus replied. “Truly, truly, I tell you, before the rooster crows, you will deny Me three times.
Here: 'Crow'. The verb means 'give voice' and is used of animals as well as people. John 18:27 uses the same verb when the rooster does crow.
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John 18:27 ἐφώνησεν.¶ crowed.
Peter denied it once more, and immediately a rooster crowed.
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John 18:33 ἐφώνησεν he called
Pilate went back into the Praetorium, summoned Jesus, and asked Him, “Are You the King of the Jews?”
Here: Literally 'used his voice for'. Here it means Pilate summoned Jesus, who was presumably held under guard, to stand before him for questioning.
Acts · 4
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Acts 9:41 φωνήσας Having called
Peter took her by the hand and helped her up. Then he called the saints and widows and presented her to them alive.
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Acts 10:7 φωνήσας having called
When the angel who spoke to him had gone, Cornelius called two of his servants and a devout soldier from among his attendants.
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Acts 10:18 φωνήσαντες having called out
They called out to ask if Simon called Peter was staying there.
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Acts 16:28 Ἐφώνησεν Called out
But Paul called out in a loud voice, “Do not harm yourself! We are all here!”
Revelation · 1
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Revelation 14:18 ἐφώνησεν he called
Still another angel, with authority over the fire, came from the altar and called out in a loud voice to the angel with the sharp sickle, “Swing your sharp sickle and gather the clusters of grapes from the vine of the earth, because its grapes are ripe.”
Here: 'He called out', a single loud summons across heaven.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.