ἐπιγινώσκω

Matthew 7:16 ἐπιγνώσεσθε you will know

By their fruit you will recognize them. Are grapes gathered from thornbushes, or figs from thistles?

Here: Future tense, second person plural: 'you (all) will recognize'. It is both a promise and an instruction. The sense is identifying someone for who they really are, seeing through the disguise of v.15.

Matthew 7:20 ἐπιγνώσεσθε you will know

So then, by their fruit you will recognize them.

Here: Future tense, "you will recognise": a confident statement that the disciples will be able to see what these people really are, though their disguise hides it at first. The verb is about identifying or seeing through someone, not about getting to know them as friends.

Matthew 11:27 ἐπιγινώσκει ἐπιγινώσκει knows, does know

All things have been entrusted to Me by My Father. No one knows the Son except the Father, and no one knows the Father except the Son and those to whom the Son chooses to reveal Him.

Here: 'Recognizes / truly knows.' The present tense describes an ongoing state. The word stresses recognizing who someone really is, the very thing 'this generation' has failed to do with John and Jesus (vv. 16–19).

Matthew 14:35 ἐπιγνόντες having recognized

And when the men of that place recognized Jesus, they sent word to all the surrounding region. People brought all the sick to Him

Matthew 17:12 ἐπέγνωσαν they knew

But I tell you that Elijah has already come, and they did not recognize him, but have done to him whatever they wished. In the same way, the Son of Man will suffer at their hands.”

Here: Not 'were unacquainted with' but 'failed to recognize him for who he was', the way one fails to recognize a face or refuses to acknowledge a claim.

Mark 2:8 ἐπιγνοὺς having known

At once Jesus knew in His spirit that they were thinking this way within themselves. “Why are you thinking these things in your hearts?” He asked.

Here: The tense describes a single moment of recognition: 'having perceived'. Jesus grasped exactly what was going on inside them.

Mark 5:30 ἐπιγνοὺς having known

At once Jesus was aware that power had gone out from Him. Turning to the crowd, He asked, “Who touched My garments?”

Mark 6:33 ἐπέγνωσαν recognized

But many people saw them leaving and recognized them. They ran together on foot from all the towns and arrived before them.

Mark 6:54 ἐπιγνόντες having recognized

As soon as they got out of the boat, the people recognized Jesus

Luke 1:4 ἐπιγνῷς you may know

so that you may know the certainty of the things you have been taught.

Luke 1:22 ἐπέγνωσαν they recognized

When he came out and was unable to speak to them, they realized he had seen a vision in the temple. He kept making signs to them but remained unable to speak.

Luke 5:22 Ἐπιγνοὺς Having known

Knowing what they were thinking, Jesus replied, “Why are you thinking these things in your hearts?

Here: "Having recognized / perceived." The past-tense participle presents the perceiving as complete before he speaks: he has already seen what is going on in them. Luke does not say how he knew.

Luke 7:37 ἐπιγνοῦσα she having known

When a sinful woman from that town learned that Jesus was dining there, she brought an alabaster jar of perfume.

Here: 'Having found out'. She heard where Jesus was and acted on purpose; she did not stumble in by chance.

Luke 23:7 ἐπιγνοὺς having learned

And learning that Jesus was under Herod’s jurisdiction, he sent Him to Herod, who himself was in Jerusalem at that time.

Luke 24:16 ἐπιγνῶναι to know

But their eyes were kept from recognizing Him.

Luke 24:31 ἐπέγνωσαν they knew

Then their eyes were opened and they recognized Jesus—and He disappeared from their sight.

Here: 'They recognized.' The tense marks a single event: in one moment they knew who he was. It is the same verb as v.16 ('so as not to *recognize* him'), so the story closes the loop it opened.

Acts 3:10 ἐπεγίνωσκον They were recognizing

they recognized him as the man who used to sit begging at the Beautiful Gate of the temple, and they were filled with wonder and amazement at what had happened to him.

Acts 4:13 ἐπεγίνωσκόν They were recognizing

When they saw the boldness of Peter and John and realized that they were unschooled, ordinary men, they marveled and took note that these men had been with Jesus.

Here: Imperfect: 'they were recognizing' or 'they began to recognize'. It means identifying who someone is: it clicked that these were men from Jesus' circle.

Acts 9:30 ἐπιγνόντες Having known [it]

When the brothers learned of this, they took him down to Caesarea and sent him off to Tarsus.

Acts 12:14 ἐπιγνοῦσα having recognized

When she recognized Peter’s voice, she was so overjoyed that she forgot to open the gate, but ran inside and announced, “Peter is standing at the gate!”

Acts 19:34 ἐπιγνόντες Having recognized

But when they realized that he was a Jew, they all shouted in unison for about two hours: “Great is Artemis of the Ephesians!”

Acts 22:24 ἐπιγνῷ he may know

the commander ordered that Paul be brought into the barracks. He directed that Paul be flogged and interrogated to determine the reason for this outcry against him.

Acts 22:29 ἐπιγνοὺς having ascertained

At once those who were about to interrogate Paul stepped back, and the commander himself was alarmed when he realized that he had put a Roman citizen in chains.

Acts 23:28 ἐπιγνῶναι to know

and since I wanted to understand their charges against him, I brought him down to their Sanhedrin.

Acts 24:8 ἐπιγνῶναι to know

By examining him yourself, you will be able to learn the truth about all our charges against him.”

Acts 24:11 ἐπιγνῶναι to know

You can verify for yourself that no more than twelve days ago I went up to Jerusalem to worship.

Acts 25:10 ἐπιγινώσκεις· know;

Paul replied, “I am standing before the judgment seat of Caesar, where I ought to be tried. I have done nothing wrong to the Jews, as you yourself know very well.

Acts 27:39 ἐπεγίνωσκον, they were recognizing,

When daylight came, they did not recognize the land, but they sighted a bay with a sandy beach, where they decided to run the ship aground if they could.

Here: To identify something as a known thing. The tense shows an ongoing state: as they looked over the coast, none of it was familiar. Experienced sailors were still unable to name the place.

Acts 28:1 ἐπέγνωμεν we found out

Once we were safely ashore, we learned that the island was called Malta.

Romans 1:32 ἐπιγνόντες having known

Although they know God’s righteous decree that those who do such things are worthy of death, they not only continue to do these things, but also approve of those who practice them.

Here: An aorist participle ('having come to know'), best read as 'although they know'. It is ironic: in 1:28 they refused to keep God 'in knowledge' (epignōsis, the same root), yet they still recognise his verdict on their conduct.

1 Corinthians 13:12 ἐπιγνώσομαι ἐπεγνώσθην.¶ I will know fully, I have been fully known.

Now we see but a dim reflection as in a mirror; then we shall see face to face. Now I know in part; then I shall know fully, even as I am fully known.

Here: The future of a compound form of 'know'. Placed straight after the simple ginōskō, the prefix most likely marks a step up: no longer 'in part'. Scholars debate how strongly it should be read as 'fully'.

1 Corinthians 14:37 ἐπιγινωσκέτω he should recognize

If anyone considers himself a prophet or spiritual person, let him acknowledge that what I am writing you is the Lord’s command.

Here: A third-person command: 'he must recognize'. It is a demand, not a polite 'let him'. A true Spirit-person will be able to recognize what Paul's instruction really is. This sets up the wordplay on knowing and not knowing in v. 38.

1 Corinthians 16:18 ἐπιγινώσκετε do recognize

For they refreshed my spirit and yours as well. Show your appreciation, therefore, to such men.

Here: A present-tense command: "keep recognizing." It means giving people the acknowledgment their worth and service deserve, openly and on an ongoing basis. Saying thank you once is not enough. It follows on from "be subject to such people" in v.16.

2 Corinthians 1:13 ἐπιγινώσκετε· ἐπιγνώσεσθε, understand;, you will understand,

For we do not write you anything that is beyond your ability to read and understand. And I hope that you will understand us completely,

2 Corinthians 1:14 ἐπέγνωτε you have understood

as you have already understood us in part, that you may boast of us just as we will boast of you in the day of our Lord Jesus.

Here: 'You recognized' or 'you came to know'. The past tense points to a real recognition that has already happened. The verb picks up the play on words in v.13 between 'read' (anaginōskete) and 'understand' (epiginōskete).

2 Corinthians 6:9 ἐπιγινωσκόμενοι, being well-known,

unknown, yet well-known; dying, and yet we live on; punished, yet not killed;

Here: 'Being recognized, acknowledged for who we really are.' The point is being truly known: by God, to whom they are 'made manifest' (5:11), and by those who have come to know them through the gospel. It is not about fame.

2 Corinthians 13:5 ἐπιγινώσκετε you do recognize

Examine yourselves to see whether you are in the faith; test yourselves. Do you not realize that Jesus Christ is in you—unless you fail the test?

Here: To recognize or acknowledge something clearly. Paul assumes they can see the reality of Christ among them.

Colossians 1:6 ἐπέγνωτε you knew

that has come to you. All over the world this gospel is bearing fruit and growing, just as it has been doing among you since the day you heard it and truly understood the grace of God.

Here: "You came to know / recognised" God's grace. This is knowing that grips a person, not just being told a fact. It introduces a word family that runs through Colossians (1:9, 10; 2:2; 3:10).

1 Timothy 4:3 ἐπεγνωκόσιν by [those] already knowing

They will prohibit marriage and require abstinence from certain foods that God has created to be received with thanksgiving by those who believe and know the truth.

Here: "Those who have come to know". The perfect tense means they came to know the truth in the past and still hold it. This is the standard Pastoral-letter language for conversion. The real insiders are ordinary believers, not teachers with special knowledge.

2 Peter 2:21 ἐπεγνωκέναι ἐπιγνοῦσιν to have known, having known [it]

It would have been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness than to have known it and then to turn away from the holy commandment passed on to them.

Here: A perfect infinitive: 'to have come to know' and so to be in a lasting state of knowing. In 2 Peter this word family means the knowledge that comes with conversion, recognizing and acknowledging Christ (1:2–3, 8; 2:20). It is more than having heard about him.