Greek word · G2374
θύρα
thyra
door
A door or doorway of a house, room, temple or enclosure. It can mean the opening itself as well as the door panel. In figurative use it means a way of access or an opportunity ("a door for the word", Col 4:3; "an open door", Rev 3:8).
Appears 39 times in 37 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·
What it means
θύρα, -ας, ἡ
[in LXX chiefly for פֶּתַח, also for דַּל, דֶּלֶת, etc. ;]
a door: κλείειν (ἀποκ-) τὴν θ., Matthew 6:6, Luke 13:25; pass., Matthew 25:10, Luke 11:7, John 20:19, 26, Acts 21:30; ἀνοίγειν, Acts 5:19; pass., Acts 16:26-27; κρούειν, Acts 12:13; διὰ τῆς θ., John 10:1-2; πρὸς τὴν θ., Mark 1:33 11:4 (WH om. τήν), Acts 3:2; τὰ πρὸς τὴν θ., the space by the door, Mark 2:2; πρὸς τῇ θ., John 18:16; ἐπὶ τῇ θ, Acts 5:9; πρὸ τῆς θ., Acts 12:6; ἐπὶ τῶν θ., Acts 5:23; ἡ θ. τ. μνημείου, Matthew 27:60, Mark 15:46 16:3. Metaphorical, of Christ, ἡ θ. τ. προβάτων, John 10:7, 9; of the Kingdom of Heaven, Luke 13:24; of opportunities, θ. πίστεως, Acts 14:27; θ. μεγάλη, 1 Corinthians 16:9; θ. τ. λόγου, Colossians 4:3; θ. ἀνεῳγμένη (ἠνεῳγ-), 2 Corinthians 2:12, Revelation 3:8 4:1; of Christ, ἑστηκὼς ἐπὶ τὴν θ. καὶ κρούων, Revelation 3:20; of his second coming, ἐπὶ θύραις εἶναι, Matthew 24:33, Mark 13:29; πρὸ θυρῶν ἑστηκέναι, James 5:9.†
(AS)
From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
A door or doorway of a house, room, temple or enclosure. It can mean the opening itself as well as the door panel. In figurative use it means a way of access or an opportunity ("a door for the word", Col 4:3; "an open door", Rev 3:8).
- Against the English
KJV, WEB, YLT and some modern versions say "door". BSB and some others say "gate". "Gate" suits an opening in a field wall to modern ears. "Door" keeps the word John uses elsewhere for the door of the high priest's courtyard (18:16) and the locked doors of 20:19. Neither is wrong. Greek has a separate word for a large city or temple gate (πύλη, pylē), and John does not use it here.
- Used elsewhere in the period
In the Greek Old Testament (the Septuagint, LXX) θύρα is used for the doorway of the tabernacle ("door of the tent of meeting", throughout Leviticus) and for house doors. Psalm 118:20 has a related idea, "This is the gate of the LORD; the righteous will enter through it" (LXX 117:20), though it uses πύλη. In Greek writers generally the word is ordinary. Jewish and Christian texts of the period give the image of a "door" to God or to life wider use; Ignatius, writing early in the 2nd century, calls Christ "the door of the Father" (Philadelphians 9.1), probably drawing on John.
- Range of meaning
Door, gate, entrance: any opening that gives access, from a house door to a city or temple gate; also used figuratively for access or opportunity (Acts 14:27; 1 Cor 16:9; Rev 3:8, 20).
- Against the English
KJV, WEB, NASB, ESV 'door'; BSB, NIV, NLT 'gate'. 'Gate' fits a walled enclosure better; 'door' keeps the link with 'I am the door' (10:7, 9) and with the Greek word.
- How it drifted
A modern 'door' is usually a hinged panel in a house. A fold's thura was an opening in the wall, sometimes with a gate, watched by a gatekeeper.
- Used elsewhere in the period
In the Greek Old Testament thura is used for tent, house, tabernacle and temple entrances (e.g. 'the door of the tent of meeting', Lev 1:3). Ps 118:20, 'This is the gate of the LORD; the righteous shall enter through it', is a likely background for the idea of a single legitimate way in.
From the study of Revelation 3:8
- Range of meaning
A literal door, gate or entrance of a house, sheepfold, temple or city. In figurative use it means a way of access: entry into a presence, a household or the kingdom (Matt 25:10; Luke 13:24-25; John 10:7, 9), or an opening for preaching the gospel (Acts 14:27; 1 Cor 16:9; 2 Cor 2:12; Col 4:3).
- Against the English
'Open door' is an accurate rendering. The danger is the modern English idiom 'an open door' = an opportunity in general (a job, a deal, a chance). That idiom brings its own picture along. The Greek points to a specific door opened by a specific key-holder.
- How it drifted
In everyday English, 'open door' has become a dead metaphor for opportunity. Devotional use has extended it to personal breakthroughs. The link to verse 7, where Christ holds 'the key of David', drops out once the line is quoted on its own.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Isaiah 22:22 (Hebrew text), quoted in Rev 3:7: Eliakim, the royal steward, is given 'the key of the house of David; he shall open and none shall shut'. This means control over who gets access to the king. Jesus' sayings use the shut door of the wedding feast and the narrow door of the kingdom (Matt 25:10; Luke 13:25). Paul uses 'a door opened' for missionary openings (1 Cor 16:9; 2 Cor 2:12). Revelation 4:1 has the same perfect participle for 'a door standing open in heaven'. Revelation 3:20 has Christ knocking at a door.
Where it appears
Matthew · 4
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Matthew 6:6 θύραν door
But when you pray, go into your inner room, shut your door, and pray to your Father, who is unseen. And your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you.
Here: The door of the inner room. With "go in" and "shut your door" the wording closely echoes Isaiah 26:20 in the Greek Old Testament (see textual notes).
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Matthew 24:33 θύραις. [the] doors.
So also, when you see all these things, you will know that He is near, right at the door.
Here: Plural, 'at [the] doors'. A common idiom for something about to arrive or about to break in. The plural may reflect double doors or city gates, but the phrase works as a set expression and means no more than 'right at the threshold'.
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Matthew 25:10 θύρα. door.
But while they were on their way to buy it, the bridegroom arrived. Those who were ready went in with him to the wedding banquet, and the door was shut.
Here: The house door of the wedding hall. It is the last word of the sentence, and it ends the scene: the next verse finds the late virgins on the outside of it.
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Matthew 27:60 θύρᾳ door
and placed it in his own new tomb that he had cut into the rock. Then he rolled a great stone across the entrance to the tomb and went away.
Here: The doorway of the tomb. In Jerusalem tombs of this period it was usually a small, low opening that you had to stoop to get through (compare John 20:5, 11).
Mark · 6
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Mark 1:33 θύραν. door.
and the whole town gathered at the door.
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Mark 2:2 θύραν, door,
they gathered in such large numbers that there was no more room, not even outside the door, as Jesus spoke the word to them.
Here: The house's entrance. Mark used the same phrase in 1:33, where 'the whole town was gathered at the door'. Now the doorway is so blocked that the four men in verses 3–4 cannot get through.
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Mark 11:4 θύραν door
So they went and found the colt outside in the street, tied at a doorway. They untied it,
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Mark 13:29 θύραις.¶ doors.
So also, when you see these things happening, know that He is near, right at the door.
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Mark 15:46 θύραν door
So Joseph bought a linen cloth, took down the body of Jesus, wrapped it in the cloth, and placed it in a tomb that had been cut out of the rock. Then he rolled a stone against the entrance to the tomb.
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Mark 16:3 θύρας door
They were asking one another, “Who will roll away the stone from the entrance of the tomb?”
Luke · 4
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Luke 11:7 θύρα door
And suppose the one inside answers, ‘Do not bother me. My door is already shut, and my children and I are in bed. I cannot get up to give you anything.’
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Luke 13:24 θύρας· door;
“Make every effort to enter through the narrow door. For many, I tell you, will try to enter and will not be able.
Here: The door of a house, not a city gate. The next verse names the 'master of the house' who gets up and locks it.
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Luke 13:25 θύραν θύραν door
After the master of the house gets up and shuts the door, you will stand outside knocking and saying, ‘Lord, open the door for us.’ But he will reply, ‘I do not know where you are from.’
Here: The house door, the same 'door' as the narrow one in verse 24. The image moves from a narrow door that is hard to get through to a door that is now shut.
John · 7
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John 10:1 θύρας door
“Truly, truly, I tell you, whoever does not enter the sheepfold by the gate, but climbs in some other way, is a thief and a robber.
Here: The opening in the wall of the fold, guarded by a gatekeeper (10:3). Later Jesus will say 'I am the door' (10:7, 9).
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John 10:2 θύρας door
But the one who enters by the gate is the shepherd of the sheep.
Here: The doorway or gate in the wall of the sheepfold, watched by a doorkeeper (verse 3). It is the legitimate, open, public way in.
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John 10:7 θύρα door
So He said to them again, “Truly, truly, I tell you, I am the gate for the sheep.
Here: The opening in the wall of the sheepfold, together with whatever closed it. Whoever goes through it is the rightful shepherd (v. 2), and through it the sheep go in to safety and out to pasture (v. 9).
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John 10:9 θύρα· door;
I am the gate. If anyone enters through Me, he will be saved. He will come in and go out and find pasture.
Here: The one opening in a walled sheepfold. Whoever goes through it legitimately is safe inside, and whoever avoids it is a thief climbing the wall (10:1).
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John 18:16 θύρᾳ door
But Peter stood outside at the door. Then the disciple who was known to the high priest went out and spoke to the doorkeeper, and brought Peter in.
Here: The street entrance of a large house, which opened through a passage into the inner courtyard. It was a gate rather than a front door into a room. Matthew 26:71 calls the same area the "gateway" (pylōn).
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John 20:19 θυρῶν doors
It was the first day of the week, and that very evening, while the disciples were together with the doors locked for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood among them. “Peace be with you!” He said to them.
Here: Plural "doors." This could mean a double door or the house door and the inner door. Either way, the way in was closed.
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John 20:26 θυρῶν doors
Eight days later, His disciples were once again inside with the doors locked, and Thomas was with them. Jesus came and stood among them and said, “Peace be with you.”
Here: Plural, as in 20:19. It may mean double-leaf doors or both the outer and inner doors of a house. Either way, the way in was closed.
Acts · 10
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Acts 3:2 θύραν gate
And a man who was lame from birth was being carried to the temple gate called Beautiful, where he was put every day to beg from those entering the temple courts.
Here: A doorway or gate. Here it means one of the great gateways of the temple complex. Elsewhere Luke calls it a pylē, a gate (3:10).
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Acts 5:9 θύρᾳ door
“How could you agree to test the Spirit of the Lord?” Peter replied. “Look, the feet of the men who buried your husband are at the door, and they will carry you out also.”
Here: The door of the place where the believers had gathered. The men are physically there, about to come in (v. 10).
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Acts 5:19 θύρας doors
But during the night an angel of the Lord opened the doors of the jail and brought them out, saying,
Here: The prison's doors, plural: the outer and inner doors of a lockup. These are the barriers the Sanhedrin relied on.
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Acts 5:23 θυρῶν, doors,
“We found the jail securely locked, with the guards posted at the doors; but when we opened them, we found no one inside.”
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Acts 12:6 θύρας door
On the night before Herod was to bring him to trial, Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains, with sentries standing guard at the entrance to the prison.
Here: The door of the cell or cell block. Beyond it lie further guard posts and an iron gate to the city (v.10).
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Acts 12:13 θύραν door
He knocked at the outer gate, and a servant girl named Rhoda came to answer it.
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Acts 14:27 θύραν a door
When they arrived, they gathered the church together and reported all that God had done through them, and how He had opened the door of faith to the Gentiles.
Here: A doorway: an opening that gives entry. It pictures access into something that had been closed to them.
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Acts 16:26 θύραι doors
Suddenly a strong earthquake shook the foundations of the prison. At once all the doors flew open and everyone’s chains came loose.
Here: The prison's doors, including the door of the 'inner prison' where Paul and Silas were held (v. 24).
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Acts 16:27 θύρας doors
When the jailer woke up and saw the prison doors open, he drew his sword and was about to kill himself, presuming that the prisoners had escaped.
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Acts 21:30 θύραι. doors.
The whole city was stirred up, and the people rushed together. They seized Paul and dragged him out of the temple, and at once the gates were shut.
1 Corinthians · 1
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1 Corinthians 16:9 θύρα A door
because a great door for effective work has opened to me, even though many oppose me.
Here: Used as a picture of an opening or opportunity, here an opportunity to spread the message and build up the believers in Ephesus. It comes first in the sentence for emphasis: 'A door, that is why I am staying.'
2 Corinthians · 1
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2 Corinthians 2:12 θύρας a door
Now when I went to Troas to preach the gospel of Christ and a door stood open for me in the Lord,
Here: A picture for an opportunity to preach and for people ready to respond. It is the first word of a Greek construction that reads like a side clause ("a door having been opened").
Colossians · 1
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Colossians 4:3 θύραν a door
as you pray also for us, that God may open to us a door for the word, so that we may proclaim the mystery of Christ, for which I am in chains.
Here: A picture of opportunity: an opening through which the message can go out (compare 1 Corinthians 16:9; 2 Corinthians 2:12; Acts 14:27).
James · 1
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James 5:9 θυρῶν doors
Do not complain about one another, brothers, so that you will not be judged. Look, the Judge is standing at the door!
Here: Plural 'doors', in a common idiom for the entrance or gateway of a house or city (compare Mark 13:29, 'near, at the doors'). The Judge is right at the threshold, one step from coming in.
Revelation · 4
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Revelation 3:8 θύραν a door
I know your deeds. Behold, I have placed before you an open door, which no one can shut. I know that you have only a little strength, yet you have kept My word and have not denied My name.
Here: A door or gateway, the point of entry into a house, city or presence. Verse 7 has just mentioned 'the key of David', so the picture is a door into the King's house that Christ controls.
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Revelation 3:20 θύραν θύραν, door, door,
Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears My voice and opens the door, I will come in and dine with him, and he with Me.
Here: A house door. Revelation's doors stand for access: an opened door Christ gives (3:8), a door opened in heaven (4:1). Here the door is shut and he is outside it.
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Revelation 4:1 θύρα a door
After this I looked and saw a door standing open in heaven. And the voice I had previously heard speak to me like a trumpet was saying, “Come up here, and I will show you what must happen after these things.”
Here: A door or entrance. Here it is an opening in the sky, the way through from the visible world into God's throne-room. It echoes the 'open door' given to Philadelphia (3:8) and the door Christ knocks on at Laodicea (3:20).
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.