Aramaic word · H4406
מִלָּה
milah
word
Word, saying, command; by extension 'matter, affair, thing' (like Hebrew dābār).
A Biblical Aramaic word, from the parts of the Old Testament written in Aramaic. Why Aramaic?
Appears 24 times in 22 verses of the Aramaic of the Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) word, thing
1a) word, utterance, command
1b) thing, affair, matter
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
Word, saying, command; by extension 'matter, affair, thing' (like Hebrew dābār).
- Against the English
KJV and WEB 'the thing'; others leave it out or merge it with 'interpretation.' The double sense (the words written / the whole event) is lost when it disappears.
- Used elsewhere in the period
It is common in Daniel's Aramaic (2:5, 2:8–11, 4:30, 5:10, 7:1). It is also widely attested in Imperial Aramaic documents such as the Elephantine papyri.
- Range of meaning
Word, saying; matter, affair, thing (like Hebrew davar).
- Against the English
KJV, WEB, ESV, NASB: "the king's matter"; BSB and NIV: "the dream of the king." "Dream" is an interpretation, and narrower than the Aramaic.
- How it drifted
Translations that put "dream" are explaining the phrase. They narrow a deliberately repeated catchword.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Millah runs all through Daniel 2: "the word from me is firm" (v. 5, also v. 8); "no man on earth can show the king's matter" (v. 10); "the matter the king asks is difficult" (v. 11); Daniel made "the matter" known (v. 17).
- Range of meaning
Word, utterance; also matter, affair, thing (as in 2:5, 'the matter').
- Against the English
KJV/WEB 'the word', BSB 'the words'. The plural in BSB is fine as English but hides that the same singular noun comes back in verse 33.
- Used elsewhere in the period
In 4:33 (Aramaic 4:30): 'In that very hour the word (millᵉtāʾ) was fulfilled upon Nebuchadnezzar.' Elsewhere it means a king's command (2:5, 2:8) or a 'matter' to be explained.
Where it appears
Daniel · 24
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Daniel 2:5 מִלְּתָ֖א word the
The king replied to the astrologers, “My word is final: If you do not tell me the dream and its interpretation, you will be cut into pieces and your houses will be reduced to rubble.
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Daniel 2:8 מִלְּתָֽא׃ word the
The king replied, “I know for sure that you are stalling for time because you see that my word is final.
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Daniel 2:9 וּמִלָּ֨ה and a word
If you do not tell me the dream, there is only one decree for you. You have conspired to speak before me false and fraudulent words, hoping the situation will change. Therefore tell me the dream, and I will know that you can give me its interpretation.”
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Daniel 2:10 מִלַּ֣ת מִלָּ֤ה [the] matter of, a matter
The astrologers answered the king, “No one on earth can do what the king requests! No king, however great and powerful, has ever asked anything like this of any magician, enchanter, or astrologer.
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Daniel 2:11 וּמִלְּתָ֨א and matter the
What the king requests is so difficult that no one can tell it to him except the gods, whose dwelling is not with mortals.”
Here: "And the matter." The word covers both a spoken word and the affair it concerns. Here it means the king's demand, the same issue that has been argued back and forth since 2:5.
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Daniel 2:15 מִלְּתָ֔א matter the
“Why is the decree from the king so harsh?” he asked. Then Arioch explained the situation to Daniel.
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Daniel 2:17 מִלְּתָ֥א matter the
Then Daniel returned to his house and explained the matter to his friends Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah,
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Daniel 2:23 מִלַּ֥ת [the] matter of
To You, O God of my fathers, I give thanks and praise, because You have given me wisdom and power. And now You have made known to me what we have requested, for You have made known to us the dream of the king.”
Here: "The matter of." Not just "the dream" but the whole business the king demanded: the dream and its interpretation. The Chaldeans had said no one on earth could show "the king's matter" (v. 10).
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Daniel 3:22 מִלַּ֤ת [the] word of
The king’s command was so urgent and the furnace so hot that the fiery flames killed the men who carried up Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego.
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Daniel 3:28 וּמִלַּ֤ת and [the] word of
Nebuchadnezzar declared, “Blessed be the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego, who has sent His angel and delivered His servants who trusted in Him. They violated the king’s command and risked their lives rather than serve or worship any god except their own God.
Here: "And the word of…". A king's "word" is his decree. It is placed first in its clause for emphasis: "and the king's word, they changed it."
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Daniel 4:31 מִלְּתָא֙ word the
While the words were still in the king’s mouth, a voice came from heaven: “It is decreed to you, King Nebuchadnezzar, that the kingdom has departed from you.
Here: The king's own word, his boast about Babylon. The same noun comes back in verse 33, where 'the word' from heaven is fulfilled on him. His word is set against heaven's word.
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Daniel 4:33 מִלְּתָא֮ word the
At that moment the sentence against Nebuchadnezzar was fulfilled. He was driven away from mankind. He ate grass like an ox, and his body was drenched with the dew of heaven, until his hair grew like the feathers of an eagle and his nails like the claws of a bird.
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Daniel 5:10 מִלֵּ֤י [the] words of
Hearing the outcry of the king and his nobles, the queen entered the banquet hall. “O king, may you live forever!” she said. “Do not let your thoughts terrify you, or your face grow pale.
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Daniel 5:15 מִלְּתָ֖א matter the
Now the wise men and enchanters were brought before me to read this inscription and interpret it for me, but they could not give its interpretation.
Here: Both 'the word' (the words on the wall) and 'the affair' (the whole event). Either way, its meaning stayed closed to them.
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Daniel 5:26 מִלְּתָ֑א matter the
And this is the interpretation of the message: MENE means that God has numbered the days of your reign and brought it to an end.
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Daniel 6:12 מִלְּתָ֛א word the
So they approached the king and asked about his royal decree: “Did you not sign a decree that for thirty days any man who petitions any god or man except you, O king, will be thrown into the den of lions?” The king replied, “According to the law of the Medes and Persians the order stands, and it cannot be repealed.”
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Daniel 6:14 מִלְּתָ֣א word the
As soon as the king heard this, he was deeply distressed and set his mind on delivering Daniel, and he labored until sundown to rescue him.
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Daniel 7:1 מִלִּ֖ין matters
In the first year of the reign of Belshazzar over Babylon, Daniel had a dream, and visions passed through his mind as he lay on his bed. He wrote down the dream, and this is the summary of his account.
Here: 'Words' or 'matters'. Like the Hebrew dābār, millâ means both a spoken word and the thing it is about. Here it means the content of the dream.
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Daniel 7:11 מִלַּיָּ֣א words the
Then I kept watching because of the arrogant words the horn was speaking. As I continued to watch, the beast was slain, and its body was destroyed and thrown into the blazing fire.
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Daniel 7:16 מִלַּיָּ֖א matters the
I approached one of those who were standing there, and I asked him the true meaning of all this. So he told me the interpretation of these things:
Here: "The matters/things": the plural of the Aramaic for "word," used broadly for "affair" or "thing." Here it means the things seen in the vision.
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Daniel 7:25 וּמִלִּ֗ין and words
He will speak out against the Most High and oppress the saints of the Most High, intending to change the appointed times and laws; and the saints will be given into his hand for a time, and times, and half a time.
Here: "And words". Placed first for emphasis: speech is the horn's first weapon. It picks up the "mouth speaking great things" of 7:8, 11 and 20.
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Daniel 7:28 מִלְּתָ֑א וּמִלְּתָ֖א matter the, and matter the
Thus ends the matter. As for me, Daniel, my thoughts troubled me greatly, and my face turned pale. But I kept the matter to myself.”
Here: 'The word/the matter': the whole revelation, meaning the vision together with the angel's explanation. It answers 7:1, where Daniel told 'the head of the words'. The chapter opens with the 'head' and closes with the 'end'.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.