Greek word · G3319

μέσος

mesos

midst

Middle, in the midst, among. Used of a person, it means 'standing in the middle of a group' or 'among them'.

Appears 56 times in 54 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·

What it means

μέσος, -η, -ον

[in LXX chiefly for תָּוֶךְ ;]

middle, in the middle or midst;

1. prop., as an adj.: Luke 23:45, John 19:18, Acts 1:18; with genitive pl., Luke 22:55, John 1:26; genitive temp. (Bl., § 36, 13), μέσης νυκτός, Matthew 25:6; μ. ἡμέρας, Acts 26:13.

2. In adverbial phrases, neut., μέσον, τὸ μ., as subst.: ἀνὰ μέσον, with genitive, between (cl.; in LXX: Genesis 1:4, al.), elliptically (but see M, Pr., 99), 1 Corinthians 6:5; = ἐν μ., among, in the midst of (El., § 39, 2; 40, 8; cf. in LXX: Joshua 19:1, Sirach 27:2), Matthew 13:25, Mark 7:31, Revelation 7:17; διὰ μέσου, with genitive, Luke 4:30; διὰ μέσον (Rec. -ου, see 81., § 42, 1), between, Luke 17:11 (ICC, in l); εἰς τὸ μ. (see: εἰς), Mark 3:3, Luke 4:35 5:19 6:8, John 20:19, 26; εἰς μ., Mark 14:60; ἐν τῷ μ., Matthew 14:6; ἐν μ., Joshua 8:3, 9, Acts 4:7; with, genitive loc., Mark 6:47, Luke 21:21 22:55, Acts 17:22, Hebrews 2:12" (LXX), Revelation 4:6 5:6 22:2. with genitive pl., Matthew 10:16 18:2, 20, Mark 9:36, Luke 2:46 8:7 10:3 22:27 24:36, Acts 1:15 2:22 27:21, 1 Thessalonians 2:7, Revelation 1:13 2:1 5:6 6:6; κατὰ μέσον τ. νυκτός, Acts 27:27 (Bl., § 47, 6); ἐκ τοῦ μ. (Lft., in l; Deiss., BS, 252 f.), Colossians 2:14; ἐκ μ.., 2 Thessalonians 2:7; ἐκ τοῦ μ., with genitive, Matthew 13:49, Acts 17:33 23:10, 1 Corinthians 5:2, 2 Corinthians 6:17.

3. Neut., μέσον, adverbially, with genitive, in the midst of, Matthew 14:24 (WH, txt., R, mg., aliter), Philippians 2:15 (διὰ μέσου­see supr.-also John 8:50, R, mg.).†

(AS)

From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of John 1:26

Range of meaning

Middle, in the midst, among. Used of a person, it means 'standing in the middle of a group' or 'among them'.

Against the English

'Among you' (most versions) is accurate. The NLT's 'right here in the crowd' narrows it to a physical presence in the audience at that moment. That is possible, but the Greek could also mean 'among you as a people', i.e. already present in Israel.

Used elsewhere in the period

The same construction appears in Luke 22:27 ('I am in your midst as one who serves') and Acts 1:15 (Peter 'stood up in the midst of the brothers'). Hebrew בְּתוֹךְ (betokh, 'in the midst') has a similar range, e.g. God dwelling 'in the midst' of Israel.

From the study of Matthew 25:6

Range of meaning

'In the middle of the night': the dead of night, roughly the hours around what we call midnight. The genitive case marks the time within which something happens.

Against the English

'Midnight' to a modern reader is a precise clock time (00:00). The Greek is a general time of night, not a timestamp.

How it drifted

Clock time and the fixed midnight hour came later. First-century people divided the night into watches (Matthew uses the Roman four-watch system, 14:25), not exact hours.

Used elsewhere in the period

The same expression or similar ones appear in the Septuagint for the Passover night ('about midnight', Exod 11:4; 12:29) and for Samson rising 'at midnight' (Judg 16:3). Jerome, commenting on this verse, reports a Jewish tradition that the Messiah would come at midnight, as at the Exodus from Egypt (Commentary on Matthew 4, on 25:6).

From the study of Revelation 4:6

Range of meaning

Mesos: middle, centre. En mesō + genitive: "in the middle of, among, between". Kyklō: "in a circle, round about".

Against the English

KJV/WEB/YLT keep both phrases ("in the midst of the throne, and round about the throne"). BSB/NIV have "in the center, around the throne". ESV has "around the throne, on each side of the throne". NASB has "in the center and around the throne". NLT has "in the center and around the throne".

Used elsewhere in the period

Revelation uses the same pairing again in 5:6, where the Lamb stands "in the midst of the throne and of the four living creatures". Behind it may lie the Hebrew bĕtôk ("in the midst of"), used in Ezek 1:5 of the creatures appearing "from the midst" of the fiery cloud. In Israel's worship God is "enthroned upon the cherubim" (1 Sam 4:4; Ps 80:1; 99:1), and on the ark the cherubim form part of the divine seat.

Where it appears

Matthew · 7
  1. Matthew 10:16 μέσῳ [the] midst

    Behold, I am sending you out like sheep among wolves; therefore be as shrewd as snakes and as innocent as doves.

    Here: 'In the middle' means surrounded, with no safe edge to stand on. 'Among' (BSB, WEB) is accurate but softer than the Greek picture.

  2. Matthew 13:25 μέσον midst

    But while everyone was asleep, his enemy came and sowed weeds among the wheat, and slipped away.

    Here: "Right in the midst of": the darnel was scattered through the wheat itself, not along the edges. This is why it cannot be pulled out later without harming the wheat (13:29).

  3. Matthew 13:49 μέσου [the] midst

    So will it be at the end of the age: The angels will come and separate the wicked from the righteous

    Here: 'The midst.' Until this moment the wicked were mixed in among the righteous and lived alongside them in the same net.

  4. Matthew 14:6 μέσῳ midst

    On Herod’s birthday, however, the daughter of Herodias danced before them and pleased Herod

    Here: 'In the middle', meaning the open floor in the centre of the banquet hall, surrounded by the reclining guests. She performed in full view of everyone present.

  5. Matthew 18:2 μέσῳ midst

    Jesus invited a little child to stand among them.

    Here: The center of the circle of disciples, where everyone has to look. The person of lowest standing is placed exactly where the group's attention falls.

  6. Matthew 18:20 μέσῳ [the] midst

    For where two or three gather together in My name, there am I with them.”

    Here: 'In the middle'. Jesus places himself at the centre of the group. This is the language the Greek Old Testament uses for God dwelling 'in the midst' of Israel and its camp.

  7. Matthew 25:6 Μέσης At middle

    At midnight the cry rang out: ‘Here is the bridegroom! Come out to meet him!’

    Here: 'In the middle' of the night. It is in the genitive case, which Greek uses for the time within which something happens. It means the dead of night, not 12:00 on a clock.

Mark · 5
  1. Mark 3:3 μέσον. midst.

    Then Jesus said to the man with the withered hand, “Stand up among us.”

    Here: The centre of the gathering, in full view of everyone. In a synagogue where people sat on benches around the walls, this was the open floor in the middle.

  2. Mark 6:47 μέσῳ [the] midst

    When evening came, the boat was in the middle of the sea, and Jesus was alone on land.

    Here: 'Midst': out on open water, far from either shore. It is a general phrase for being well out, not a measurement of the exact center.

  3. Mark 7:31 μέσον [the] midst

    Then Jesus left the region of Tyre and went through Sidon to the Sea of Galilee and into the region of the Decapolis.

  4. Mark 9:36 μέσῳ midst

    Then He had a little child stand among them. Taking the child in His arms, He said to them,

  5. Mark 14:60 μέσον midst

    So the high priest stood up before them and questioned Jesus, “Have You no answer? What are these men testifying against You?”

Luke · 14
  1. Luke 2:46 μέσῳ [the] midst

    Finally, after three days they found Him in the temple courts, sitting among the teachers, listening to them and asking them questions.

  2. Luke 4:30 μέσου [the] midst

    But Jesus passed through the crowd and went on His way.

  3. Luke 4:35 μέσον midst

    But Jesus rebuked the demon. “Be silent!” He said. “Come out of him!” At this, the demon threw the man down before them all and came out without harming him.

    Here: The middle of the synagogue assembly, in full view of everyone. Luke uses the same phrase when Jesus calls a man to stand in front of a synagogue (Luke 6:8).

  4. Luke 5:19 μέσον midst

    but they could not find a way through the crowd. So they went up on the roof and lowered him on his mat through the tiles into the middle of the crowd, right in front of Jesus.

  5. Luke 6:8 μέσον. midst.

    But Jesus knew their thoughts and said to the man with the withered hand, “Get up and stand among us.” So he got up and stood there.

  6. Luke 8:7 μέσῳ [the] midst

    Other seed fell among thorns, which grew up with it and choked the seedlings.

  7. Luke 10:3 μέσῳ [the] midst

    Go! I am sending you out like lambs among wolves.

    Here: "In the midst of" is stronger than "near" or "among": surrounded, with wolves on every side. The phrase is common in the Greek Old Testament (the Septuagint), where it often translates Hebrew betokh.

  8. Luke 17:11 μέσον [the] midst

    While Jesus was on His way to Jerusalem, He was passing between Samaria and Galilee.

  9. Luke 21:21 μέσῳ midst

    Then let those who are in Judea flee to the mountains, let those in the city get out, and let those in the country stay out of the city.

    Here: 'In the midst of her' = inside her walls. The phrase echoes prophetic calls to get out 'from the midst' of a doomed city (Jer 6:1; 51:6).

  10. Luke 22:27 μέσῳ [the] midst

    For who is greater, the one who reclines at the table or the one who serves? Is it not the one who reclines? But I am among you as one who serves.

    Here: 'In the middle of you'. Jesus is not at a distance or above them, but at the centre of the group, the place a host or honoured figure would hold. Yet he holds it as the servant.

  11. Luke 22:55 μέσῳ μέσος [the] midst, midst

    When those present had kindled a fire in the middle of the courtyard and sat down together, Peter sat down among them.

    Here: "In the middle" of the courtyard. The fire is at the open centre of the court. The word comes back at the end of the verse for Peter.

  12. Luke 23:45 μέσον. in [the] middle.

    The sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was torn down the middle.

  13. Luke 24:36 μέσῳ midst

    While they were describing these events, Jesus Himself stood among them and said, “Peace be with you.”

    Here: “In the middle”. He is at the centre of the group, close enough to be seen, heard and later touched (v. 39).

John · 4
  1. John 1:26 μέσος [in the] midst

    “I baptize with water,” John replied, “but among you stands One you do not know.

    Here: This is an adjective agreeing with the subject: '[he stands] in the middle of you'. The point is that he is not far off or still to come. He is already right there among them.

  2. John 19:18 μέσον in between

    There they crucified Him, and with Him two others, one on each side, with Jesus in the middle.

    Here: 'In the middle' or 'as the middle one'. It is put first in its clause for weight, and the clause then ends on the name of Jesus.

  3. John 20:19 μέσον midst

    It was the first day of the week, and that very evening, while the disciples were together with the doors locked for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood among them. “Peace be with you!” He said to them.

    Here: "The middle." He is not at the edge or the doorway but at the centre of the group that had abandoned him.

  4. John 20:26 μέσον midst

    Eight days later, His disciples were once again inside with the doors locked, and Thomas was with them. Jesus came and stood among them and said, “Peace be with you.”

    Here: The centre of the group. He does not stay at the edge or the doorway. He is among them, exactly as in 20:19.

Acts · 10
  1. Acts 1:15 μέσῳ [the] midst

    In those days Peter stood up among the brothers (a gathering of about a hundred and twenty) and said,

  2. Acts 1:18 μέσος in [the] middle

    (Now with the reward for his wickedness Judas bought a field; there he fell headlong and burst open in the middle, and all his intestines spilled out.

    Here: A Greek adjective agreeing with "he": he split "through the middle," meaning across the belly.

  3. Acts 2:22 μέσῳ [the] midst

    Men of Israel, listen to this message: Jesus of Nazareth was a man certified by God to you by miracles, wonders, and signs, which God did among you through Him, as you yourselves know.

    Here: 'In your very midst.' The deeds were public and could be seen. They were not private or hidden.

  4. Acts 4:7 μέσῳ midst

    They had Peter and John brought in and began to question them: “By what power or what name did you do this?”

  5. Acts 17:22 μέσῳ [the] midst

    Then Paul stood up in the meeting of the Areopagus and said, “Men of Athens, I see that in every way you are very religious.

  6. Acts 17:33 μέσου [the] midst

    At that, Paul left the Areopagus.

  7. Acts 23:10 μέσου midst

    The dispute grew so violent that the commander was afraid they would tear Paul to pieces. He ordered the soldiers to go down and remove him by force and bring him into the barracks.

  8. Acts 26:13 μέσης mid

    About noon, O king, as I was on the road, I saw a light from heaven, brighter than the sun, shining around me and my companions.

  9. Acts 27:21 μέσῳ midst

    After the men had gone a long time without food, Paul stood up among them and said, “Men, you should have followed my advice not to sail from Crete. Then you would have averted this disaster and loss.

  10. Acts 27:27 μέσον [the] middle

    On the fourteenth night we were still being driven across the Adriatic Sea. About midnight the sailors sensed they were approaching land.

1 Corinthians · 2
  1. 1 Corinthians 5:2 μέσου midst

    And you are proud! Shouldn’t you rather have been stricken with grief and have removed from your fellowship the man who did this?

  2. 1 Corinthians 6:5 μέσον between

    I say this to your shame. Is there really no one among you wise enough to arbitrate between his brothers?

    Here: 'In the middle of.' It pictures the arbitrator standing between the two parties.

2 Corinthians · 1
  1. 2 Corinthians 6:17 μέσου [the] midst

    “Therefore come out from among them and be separate, says the Lord. Touch no unclean thing, and I will receive you.”

    Here: 'From the middle of': the believers are pictured as standing inside a world that is not theirs, as Israel stood inside Babylon. Paul is not describing a physical move but a break with shared practice.

Philippians · 1
  1. Philippians 2:15 μέσον [the] midst

    so that you may be blameless and pure, children of God without fault in a crooked and perverse generation, in which you shine as lights in the world

    Here: A neuter accusative used like a preposition, meaning 'right in the middle of'. They are not withdrawn from the surrounding society; they are placed inside it.

Colossians · 1
  1. Colossians 2:14 μέσου way

    having canceled the debt ascribed to us in the decrees that stood against us. He took it away, nailing it to the cross!

    Here: 'Taken out of the middle' is a Greek idiom for removing something from the scene entirely, from where it stood between the parties. Hence 'out of the way'.

1 Thessalonians · 1
  1. 1 Thessalonians 2:7 μέσῳ [the] midst

    On the contrary, we were gentle among you, like a nursing mother caring for her children.

    Here: 'In the middle of you.' The missionaries lived among the converts at close quarters (compare 2:9, working night and day), not above them or at a distance.

2 Thessalonians · 1
  1. 2 Thessalonians 2:7 μέσου [the] midst

    For the mystery of lawlessness is already at work, but the one who now restrains it will continue until he is taken out of the way.

    Here: 'The midst', the place where something is present and active. To come 'out of the midst' is to stop being present there.

Hebrews · 1
  1. Hebrews 2:12 μέσῳ [the] midst

    He says: “I will proclaim Your name to My brothers; I will sing Your praises in the assembly.”

    Here: 'In the middle of' (Hebrew betok): he stands among the gathered people as one of them, not apart from them or above them.

Revelation · 8
  1. Revelation 1:13 μέσῳ [the] midst

    and among the lampstands was One like the Son of Man, dressed in a long robe, with a golden sash around His chest.

    Here: "In the middle": the figure stands at the center of the lampstands, not off to one side. Revelation 2:1 picks this up: he "walks in the midst of the seven golden lampstands."

  2. Revelation 2:1 μέσῳ [the] midst

    “To the angel of the church in Ephesus write: These are the words of Him who holds the seven stars in His right hand and walks among the seven golden lampstands.

    Here: Together with en it means 'right in the midst of'. He is among them, not watching from a distance.

  3. Revelation 4:6 μέσῳ [the] midst

    And before the throne was something like a sea of glass, as clear as crystal. In the center, around the throne, were four living creatures, covered with eyes in front and back.

    Here: "In the midst of the throne". Where exactly this puts the creatures is debated: inside the throne's own structure, at the middle of each side, or simply close beside it (see debates).

  4. Revelation 5:6 μέσῳ μέσῳ [the] midst

    Then I saw a Lamb who appeared to have been slain, standing in the center of the throne, encircled by the four living creatures and the elders. The Lamb had seven horns and seven eyes, which represent the seven spirits of God sent out into all the earth.

    Here: 'In the middle of'. Repeated with two sets of nouns, so it may mean 'between' (see debates). Either way the Lamb is at the center of the heavenly court.

  5. Revelation 6:6 μέσῳ [the] midst

    And I heard what sounded like a voice from among the four living creatures, saying, “A quart of wheat for a denarius, and three quarts of barley for a denarius, and do not harm the oil and wine.”

    Here: "In the midst." In Revelation 4:6 and 5:6 this is where the throne and the Lamb are, so the voice most likely comes from the throne itself.

  6. Revelation 7:17 μέσον center

    For the Lamb in the center of the throne will be their shepherd. ‘He will lead them to springs of living water,’ and ‘God will wipe away every tear from their eyes.’”

    Here: 'Middle, centre'. The Lamb is not at the edge of the throne scene. He is at its heart.

  7. Revelation 22:2 μέσῳ [the] middle

    down the middle of the main street of the city. On either side of the river stood a tree of life, bearing twelve kinds of fruit and yielding a fresh crop for each month. And the leaves of the tree are for the healing of the nations.

    Here: With ἐν it forms the common idiom "in the midst of." It puts the scene at the very centre of the city, not on its edge.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.