Greek word · G3854
παραγίνομαι
paraginomai
to come
To arrive, to come on the scene, to appear, to be present. It often marks someone turning up at a particular place or moment.
Appears 36 times in 36 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·
What it means
παρα-γίνομαι
(Ion. and late for -γίγν-), [in LXX chiefly for בּוֹא ;]
1. to be beside or at hand (Hom., Hdt., al.), hence, to stand by, support (Æsch., Thuc., al.) : with dative of person(s), 2 Timothy 4:16.
2. to come, come up, arrive (Hdt., Xen., al., and frequently in later writers; see MM, xviii; Thackeray, Gr., 267.2): absol., Luke 14:21 19:16, John 3:23, Acts 5:21-22, 25 9:39 10:32-33 11:23 14:27 17:10 18:27 21:18 23:16, 35 24:17, 24 25:7 28:21, 1 Corinthians 16:3; before εἰς, John 8:2, Acts 9:26 15:4; ἐπί, with accusative, Luke 22:52; πρός, with accusative, Luke 7:4, 20 8:19, Acts 20:18; id. before ἐκ, Luke 11:6; παρά, with genitive, Mark 14:43; ἀπὸ . . . εἰς, Matthew 2:1, Acts 13:14; ἀπὸ . . . ἐπὶ . . . πρός, Matthew 3:13; of a teacher coming forward in public: Matthew 3:1, Luke 12:51, Hebrews 9:11.†
(AS)
From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
To arrive, to come on the scene, to appear, to be present. It often marks someone turning up at a particular place or moment.
- Against the English
Most versions turn the Greek present into the English past 'came'. YLT keeps the present ('cometh'). The past tense is natural English, but it loses the sudden, vivid 'John appears' effect, and plain 'came' can sound like an ordinary trip.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Matthew uses it for significant arrivals: the magi in Jerusalem (2:1), John here, Jesus at the Jordan (3:13). Greek narrative often slips into the present tense at important moments (often called the 'historic present').
From the study of 2 Timothy 4:16
- Range of meaning
To arrive, come, be present. When used of persons in need, it means to come to someone's side or aid, to stand by them. BDAG gives a sense "stand by, come to the aid of" and cites this verse.
- Against the English
BSB, KJV and YLT have "stood with me." WEB has "came to help me" and NIV "came to my support." All of these catch the courtroom sense better than a bare "came" would.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Common across the LXX and the NT for "arrive" or "appear" (e.g. Matt 3:1; Luke 14:21). Some later manuscripts strengthen it here to symparaginomai, "come alongside together with."
- Range of meaning
To arrive, come, appear, be present. A common verb, used especially often by Luke.
- Against the English
KJV/WEB 'they came' treats it as one past event. The Greek is ongoing: 'kept coming', 'were arriving' (BSB, YLT).
- Used elsewhere in the period
Common in narrative Greek of the period for people arriving at a place (e.g., Matthew 3:1, 13 of John appearing and Jesus coming to him).
Where it appears
Matthew · 3
-
Matthew 2:1 παρεγένοντο arrived
After Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea, during the time of King Herod, Magi from the east arrived in Jerusalem,
Here: 'Arrived, showed up.' It describes a single completed arrival. Matthew uses the same verb for John the Baptist's appearing (3:1) and Jesus' coming to be baptised (3:13).
-
Matthew 3:1 παραγίνεται comes
In those days John the Baptist came, preaching in the wilderness of Judea
Here: Present tense inside a past-tense story, a storyteller's device that makes the moment vivid: 'John arrives.' Matthew uses the same verb for the magi arriving (2:1) and for Jesus arriving at the Jordan (3:13), so it marks a major figure stepping onto the stage.
-
Matthew 3:13 παραγίνεται comes
At that time Jesus came from Galilee to the Jordan to be baptized by John.
Here: Present tense in a past story ('arrives'), which makes the narration vivid. It is the same verb and tense Matthew used for John's own appearance in 3:1, so the two arrivals are set side by side.
Mark · 1
-
Mark 14:43 παραγίνεται comes up
While Jesus was still speaking, Judas, one of the Twelve, arrived, accompanied by a crowd armed with swords and clubs, sent from the chief priests, scribes, and elders.
Here: Present tense in a past story, a vivid storytelling device: 'up comes Judas.' The verb means arriving on the scene, often as a sudden appearance.
Luke · 8
-
Luke 7:4 παραγενόμενοι having come
They came to Jesus and pleaded with Him earnestly, “This man is worthy to have You grant this,
-
Luke 7:20 Παραγενόμενοι Having come
When the men came to Jesus, they said, “John the Baptist sent us to ask, ‘Are You the One who was to come, or should we look for someone else?’”
Here: 'Having arrived.' One of Luke's favourite verbs for someone turning up somewhere. It marks the moment John's envoys reach Jesus after their journey.
-
Luke 8:19 Παρεγένετο she came
Then Jesus’ mother and brothers came to see Him, but they were unable to reach Him because of the crowd.
-
Luke 11:6 παρεγένετο is come
because a friend of mine has come to me on a journey, and I have nothing to set before him.’
-
Luke 12:51 παρεγενόμην I came
Do you think that I have come to bring peace to the earth? No, I tell you, but division.
Here: "I arrived / I have appeared." It is one of Luke's favourite verbs for someone showing up on the public stage (used of John the Baptist in Luke 7:20). Here it looks back on Jesus' whole mission as an arrival with a purpose.
-
Luke 14:21 παραγενόμενος having come
The servant returned and reported all this to his master. Then the owner of the house became angry and said to his servant, ‘Go out quickly into the streets and alleys of the city, and bring in the poor, the crippled, the blind, and the lame.’
Here: 'Having arrived' back at the house. The slave has finished his round of the invited guests and comes back with nothing but excuses. This is one of Luke's favourite verbs.
-
Luke 19:16 Παρεγένετο Came up
The first servant came forward and said, ‘Master, your mina has produced ten more minas.’
-
Luke 22:52 παραγενομένους having come out
Then Jesus said to the chief priests, temple officers, and elders who had come for Him, “Have you come out with swords and clubs as you would against an outlaw?
John · 1
-
John 3:23 παρεγίνοντο they were coming
Now John was also baptizing at Aenon near Salim, because the water was plentiful there, and people kept coming to be baptized.
Here: An ongoing past tense with no stated subject: 'people kept turning up'. It pictures a steady stream of arrivals, not one crowd on one day.
Acts · 20
-
Acts 5:21 Παραγενόμενος Having come
At daybreak the apostles entered the temple courts as they had been told and began to teach the people. When the high priest and his associates arrived, they convened the Sanhedrin—the full assembly of the elders of Israel—and sent to the jail for the apostles.
-
Acts 5:22 παραγενόμενοι having come
But on arriving at the jail, the officers did not find them there. So they returned with the report:
-
Acts 5:25 παραγενόμενος Having come
Then someone came in and announced, “Look, the men you put in jail are standing in the temple courts teaching the people!”
-
Acts 9:26 Παραγενόμενος Having arrived
When Saul arrived in Jerusalem, he tried to join the disciples, but they were all afraid of him, not believing that he was a disciple.
-
Acts 9:39 παραγενόμενον having arrived
So Peter got up and went with them. On his arrival, they took him to the upper room. All the widows stood around him, weeping and showing him the tunics and other clothing that Dorcas had made while she was still with them.
Here: 'On his arrival.' Luke uses this word often for someone reaching a place. Here it skips over the walk of several hours.
-
Acts 10:33 παραγενόμενος. having come.
So I sent for you immediately, and you were kind enough to come. Now then, we are all here in the presence of God to listen to everything the Lord has instructed you to tell us.”
Here: The participle supplies what Peter did well: he came. Coming into a Gentile house was no small thing for a Jew (10:28).
-
Acts 11:23 παραγενόμενος having come
When he arrived and saw the grace of God, he rejoiced and encouraged them all to abide in the Lord with all their hearts.
Here: 'Having arrived.' A favourite verb of Luke for someone turning up at a place, often on a mission. It closes the journey begun in v.22 when Jerusalem sent him out.
-
Acts 13:14 παρεγένοντο came
And from Perga, they traveled inland to Pisidian Antioch, where they entered the synagogue on the Sabbath and sat down.
Here: 'They arrived.' One of Luke's favourite verbs for reaching a destination. It points to the end of the journey and says nothing about how long or hard it was.
-
Acts 14:27 παραγενόμενοι Having arrived
When they arrived, they gathered the church together and reported all that God had done through them, and how He had opened the door of faith to the Gentiles.
Here: Having arrived (back) at Syrian Antioch after the long journey through Cyprus and southern Asia Minor. It is a favourite word of Luke's for arriving at a destination; it marks the end of the journey.
-
Acts 15:4 παραγενόμενοι Having come
On their arrival in Jerusalem, they were welcomed by the church and apostles and elders, to whom they reported all that God had done through them.
Here: 'Having arrived.' Luke uses this word often for arriving at a destination. The aorist participle (a form showing a completed action) sets the scene: once the journey through Phoenicia and Samaria was over, the welcome followed.
-
Acts 17:10 παραγενόμενοι having arrived
As soon as night had fallen, the brothers sent Paul and Silas away to Berea. On arriving there, they went into the Jewish synagogue.
-
Acts 18:27 παραγενόμενος having arrived
When Apollos resolved to cross over to Achaia, the brothers encouraged him and wrote to the disciples there to welcome him. On his arrival, he was a great help to those who by grace had believed.
Here: Having arrived and now being on the scene. Luke passes over the journey in a single word.
-
Acts 20:18 παρεγένοντο they had come
When they came to him, he said, “You know how I lived the whole time I was with you, from the first day I arrived in the province of Asia.
-
Acts 21:18 παρεγένοντο arrived
The next day Paul went in with us to see James, and all the elders were present.
-
Acts 23:16 παραγενόμενος having come near
But when the son of Paul’s sister heard about the plot, he went into the barracks and told Paul.
-
Acts 23:35 παραγένωνται. may have arrived.
he said, “I will hear your case when your accusers arrive.” Then he ordered that Paul be kept under guard in Herod’s Praetorium.
-
Acts 24:17 παρεγενόμην I came
After several years, then, I returned to Jerusalem to bring alms to my people and to present offerings.
Here: "I arrived" or "I came", a single completed arrival. BSB's "returned to Jerusalem" supplies the destination, which is clear from v. 11.
-
Acts 24:24 παραγενόμενος having arrived
After several days, Felix returned with his wife Drusilla, who was a Jewess. He sent for Paul and listened to him speak about faith in Christ Jesus.
-
Acts 25:7 Παραγενομένου When was arriving
When Paul arrived, the Jews who had come down from Jerusalem stood around him, bringing many serious charges that they could not prove.
Here: Paul's entrance into the courtroom, brought in on the governor's order (v.6). The form sets the scene: as soon as he has arrived, the next thing happens.
-
Acts 28:21 παραγενόμενός having arrived
The leaders replied, “We have not received any letters about you from Judea, nor have any of the brothers from there reported or even mentioned anything bad about you.
Here: 'Having arrived' here. It pictures a traveller reaching Rome, presumably from Judea. Luke uses this verb often for people arriving somewhere.
1 Corinthians · 1
-
1 Corinthians 16:3 παραγένωμαι, I may have arrived,
Then, on my arrival, I will send letters with those you recommend to carry your gift to Jerusalem.
Here: Paul's arrival in person. It picks up 'when I come' from verse 2 and stresses being there on the spot, when the arrangements can be completed.
2 Timothy · 1
-
2 Timothy 4:16 παρεγένετο, attended
At my first defense, no one stood with me, but everyone deserted me. May it not be charged against them.
Here: Literally "came alongside." In a court setting it means turning up to stand beside the accused as a supporter, witness or advocate. Nobody showed up for Paul.
Hebrews · 1
-
Hebrews 9:11 παραγενόμενος having appeared as
But when Christ came as high priest of the good things that have come, He went through the greater and more perfect tabernacle that is not made by hands and is not a part of this creation.
Here: 'Having arrived', a completed event. It describes Christ appearing publicly in his office (compare John the Baptist 'arriving' in Matt 3:1). The point is less his birth than his stepping forward as the promised high priest.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.