Greek word · G5550

χρόνος

chronos

time

χρόνος: a span or duration of time. ἐπίλοιπος: remaining, the rest (used only here in the NT).

Appears 53 times in 53 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·

What it means

χρόνος, -ου, ὁ

[in LXX chiefly for יוֹם, also for עֵת, etc. ;]

time (a space of time, whether long or short; cf. Lft., Notes, 70): Matthew 2:7, Mark 9:21, Luke 1:57, Acts 3:21 7:17, 23 13:18 17:30 27:9, Hebrews 11:32, 1 Peter 1:17 4:3, Revelation 10:6; στιγμὴ χρόνου, Luke 4:5; πλήρωμα τοῦ χ., Galatians 4:4; ποιεῖν χ., Acts 15:33 18:23; βιῶσαι, 1 Peter 4:2; διδόναι, Revelation 2:21; pl., χ. καὶ (ἢ) καιροί (Lft., l.with), Acts 1:7, 1 Thessalonians 5:1; ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτου τῶν χ. (χρόνου), 1 Peter 1:20, Jude 1:18; with prep., ἄχρι, Acts 3:21; διὰ τὸν χ., Hebrews 5:12; ἐν χ., Acts 1:6, 21; ἐπὶ (πλείονα) χ., Luke 18:4, Acts 18:20; ἐφ᾽ ὅσον χ., Romans 7:1, 1 Corinthians 7:39, Galatians 4:1; κατὰ τὸν χ., Matthew 2:16; μετὰ τολὺν (τοσοῦτον) χ., Matthew 25:19, Hebrews 4:7; πρὸ χ. αἰωςίων, 2 Timothy 1:9, Titus 1:2, instr. dative of extension of time (see M, Pr., 75, 148; Deiss., LAE, 206), Luke 8:27, 29 John 14:9, Acts 8:11, Romans 16:25; accusative, of duration of time, Mark 2:19, Luke 20:9, John 5:6 7:33 12:35 14:9, Acts 14:3, 28 19:22 20:18, 1 Corinthians 16:7, Revelation 6:11.†

SYN.: see: καιρός (AS)

From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of 1 Peter 4:2

Range of meaning

χρόνος: a span or duration of time. ἐπίλοιπος: remaining, the rest (used only here in the NT).

Against the English

'The rest of the time' (ESV/NASB) keeps the time language. BSB/NIV 'remaining time on earth / rest of their earthly lives' make it explicitly a lifespan, which is fair, though the echo with verse 3's 'time past' is weaker.

Used elsewhere in the period

In 1 Peter, χρόνος frames Christian life as a bounded period: 'the time of your exile' (1:17), Christ revealed 'at the end of the times' (1:20), 'the time that has passed is enough' (4:3). The expression 'the remaining time' (τὸν ἐπίλοιπον χρόνον) is a stock phrase in Greek prose, for example in Herodotus.

From the study of Acts 1:7

Range of meaning

Time in general, or a span or period of time: "a long time", "for some time", "the time of" an event. It often points to duration or the passing of time, but it can also mean a particular point in time ("at this time", Acts 1:6).

Against the English

"Times" (KJV, BSB, WEB, ESV) is accurate. NASB 1995's "times" and its contrast with "epochs" try to bring out a duration-versus-era difference.

Used elsewhere in the period

Common in classical and everyday Greek. The Greek Old Testament (the Septuagint) pairs it with kairos: Ecclesiastes 3:1 ("for all things a time [chronos], and a season [kairos] for every matter"); Daniel 2:21 in Theodotion's Greek ("he changes seasons and times"); Wisdom 8:8. Paul uses the same pair in 1 Thessalonians 5:1 when he declines to discuss end-time dates. Peter later speaks of "the times (chronōn) of the restoration of all things" (Acts 3:21).

From the study of John 7:33

Range of meaning

Chronos: time as a measurable span or duration. Mikros: small or short. Together they mean 'a short time'. The accusative case marks how long it lasts.

Against the English

'A little while' (KJV, WEB) and 'only a little while longer' (BSB) both work. The BSB's 'only' adds a tone of limit that is implied by eti ('still') but not stated.

Used elsewhere in the period

The LXX uses similar phrasing for brief time frames (e.g., Isa 10:25; 26:20 'a little while'). The prophets use 'a little while' for the short time before God acts. John repeats mikron in 12:35, 13:33, 14:19 and 16:16–19 (where the disciples puzzle over 'What is this little while?').

Similar words

Where it appears

Matthew · 3
  1. Matthew 2:7 χρόνον time

    Then Herod called the Magi secretly and learned from them the exact time the star had appeared.

    Here: The point in time, or the length of time, connected with the star. Herod wants a date he can turn into an age for the child.

  2. Matthew 2:16 χρόνον time

    When Herod saw that he had been outwitted by the Magi, he was filled with rage. Sending orders, he put to death all the boys in Bethlehem and its vicinity who were two years old and under, according to the time he had learned from the Magi.

    Here: The time at which the star first appeared, which Herod had asked about in 2:7.

  3. Matthew 25:19 χρόνον time

    After a long time the master of those servants returned and settled accounts with them.

    Here: A length of time, not a set moment. With πολύν it describes a long interval, long enough for real trading and long enough for the slaves to wonder whether the master would come back.

Mark · 2
  1. Mark 2:19 χρόνον time

    Jesus replied, “How can the guests of the bridegroom fast while He is with them? As long as He is with them, they cannot fast.

    Here: A stretch of time. Saying it this way hints that the period has a limit, which v.20 then states outright.

  2. Mark 9:21 χρόνος a time

    Jesus asked the boy’s father, “How long has this been with him?” “From childhood,” he said.

Luke · 7
  1. Luke 1:57 χρόνος time

    When the time came for Elizabeth to have her child, she gave birth to a son.

  2. Luke 4:5 χρόνου of time

    Then the devil led Him up to a high place and showed Him in an instant all the kingdoms of the world.

    Here: 'Of time'. With stigmē it forms a known Greek idiom, 'a point of time', meaning an instant.

  3. Luke 8:27 χρόνῳ time

    When Jesus stepped ashore, He was met by a demon-possessed man from the town. For a long time this man had not worn clothing or lived in a house, but he stayed in the tombs.

  4. Luke 8:29 χρόνοις times

    For Jesus had commanded the unclean spirit to come out of the man. Many times it had seized him, and though he was bound with chains and shackles, he had broken the chains and been driven by the demon into solitary places.

  5. Luke 18:4 χρόνον. a time.

    For a while he refused, but later he said to himself, ‘Though I neither fear God nor respect men,

  6. Luke 20:9 χρόνους a time

    Then He proceeded to tell the people this parable: “A man planted a vineyard, rented it out to some tenants, and went away for a long time.

    Here: Plural 'times': a stretch of time, not a single point.

  7. Luke 23:8 χρόνων time

    When Herod saw Jesus, he was greatly pleased. He had wanted to see Him for a long time, because he had heard about Him and was hoping to see Him perform a miracle.

John · 4
  1. John 5:6 χρόνον time

    When Jesus saw him lying there and realized that he had spent a long time in this condition, He asked him, “Do you want to get well?”

    Here: A span of time, here counted in decades.

  2. John 7:33 χρόνον time

    So Jesus said, “I am with you only a little while longer, and then I am going to the One who sent Me.

    Here: A stretch of time measured by its length. It is in the accusative case to show how long something lasts: 'for a time'.

  3. John 12:35 χρόνον while

    Then Jesus told them, “For a little while longer, the Light will be among you. Walk while you have the Light, so that darkness will not overtake you. The one who walks in the darkness does not know where he is going.

    Here: A stretch of time. Together with mikron it means 'for a short time still'. The grammar marks how long something lasts.

  4. John 14:9 χρόνῳ a time

    Jesus replied, “Philip, I have been with you all this time, and still you do not know Me? Anyone who has seen Me has seen the Father. How can you say, ‘Show us the Father’?

    Here: The whole span of shared life, from Philip's call in John 1:43 to this last night. Some manuscripts have the accusative form, but the meaning is the same.

Acts · 17
  1. Acts 1:6 χρόνῳ time

    So when they came together, they asked Him, “Lord, will You at this time restore the kingdom to Israel?”

    Here: A stretch or point of time. Jesus' reply picks up the word in the plural, 'times (chronous) or seasons (kairous)' (v. 7). His answer echoes their wording directly.

  2. Acts 1:7 χρόνους times

    Jesus replied, “It is not for you to know times or seasons that the Father has fixed by His own authority.

    Here: Lengths or stretches of time: how long until, how long between. It echoes the disciples' own word in verse 6, "at this *time* (chronos)". Jesus picks up their word and declines to fill in the answer.

  3. Acts 1:21 χρόνῳ [the] time

    Therefore it is necessary to choose one of the men who have accompanied us the whole time the Lord Jesus went in and out among us,

  4. Acts 3:21 χρόνων [the] times

    Heaven must take Him in until the time comes for the restoration of all things, which God announced long ago through His holy prophets.

    Here: Plural: "the times" or "the period". It matches the "times (kairoi) of refreshing" in v. 20 and means the appointed era of fulfilment.

  5. Acts 7:17 χρόνος time

    As the time drew near for God to fulfill His promise to Abraham, our people in Egypt increased greatly in number.

  6. Acts 7:23 χρόνος, a period,

    When Moses was forty years old, he decided to visit his brothers, the children of Israel.

  7. Acts 8:11 χρόνῳ time

    They paid close attention to him because he had astounded them for a long time with his sorcery.

  8. Acts 13:18 χρόνον for a period

    He endured their conduct for about forty years in the wilderness.

    Here: The accusative case here marks how long something lasted: 'for a forty-year stretch of time'. The stress falls on the length, a whole generation.

  9. Acts 14:3 χρόνον time

    So Paul and Barnabas spent considerable time there, speaking boldly for the Lord, who affirmed the message of His grace by enabling them to perform signs and wonders.

    Here: A stretch of time. It is the object of 'they spent'.

  10. Acts 14:28 χρόνον time

    And they spent a long time there with the disciples.

  11. Acts 15:33 χρόνον a time

    After spending some time there, they were sent off by the brothers in peace to return to those who had sent them.

  12. Acts 17:30 χρόνους times

    Although God overlooked the ignorance of earlier times, He now commands all people everywhere to repent.

    Here: Plural: stretches of time, ages or eras. It means the whole span of human history before this announcement, not one moment.

  13. Acts 18:20 χρόνον time

    When they asked him to stay for a while longer, he declined.

  14. Acts 18:23 χρόνον time

    After Paul had spent some time in Antioch, he traveled from place to place throughout the region of Galatia and Phrygia, strengthening all the disciples.

    Here: A stretch of time. Together with the verb it means 'spent time'. Nothing here sets 'chronos' against 'kairos'; it is simply a period.

  15. Acts 19:22 χρόνον for a time

    He sent two of his helpers, Timothy and Erastus, to Macedonia, while he stayed for a time in the province of Asia.

  16. Acts 20:18 χρόνον time

    When they came to him, he said, “You know how I lived the whole time I was with you, from the first day I arrived in the province of Asia.

  17. Acts 27:9 χρόνου time

    By now much time had passed, and the voyage had already become dangerous because it was after the Fast. So Paul advised them,

Romans · 1
  1. Romans 7:1 χρόνον [the] time

    Do you not know, brothers (for I am speaking to those who know the law), that the law has authority over a man only as long as he lives?

    Here: A stretch of time: here, the length of a life.

1 Corinthians · 2
  1. 1 Corinthians 7:39 χρόνον time

    A wife is bound to her husband as long as he lives. But if her husband dies, she is free to marry anyone she wishes, as long as he belongs to the Lord.

    Here: 'Time', meaning a span of time. The bond lasts exactly as long as the husband's life.

  2. 1 Corinthians 16:7 χρόνον a time

    For I do not want to see you now only in passing; I hope to spend some time with you, if the Lord permits.

Galatians · 2
  1. Galatians 4:1 χρόνον time

    What I am saying is that as long as the heir is a child, he is no different from a slave, although he is the owner of everything.

  2. Galatians 4:4 χρόνου, time,

    But when the time had fully come, God sent His Son, born of a woman, born under the law,

    Here: A span or duration of time. Here it is the whole period of 'minority', when God's people were held under guardians, now brought to its end.

1 Thessalonians · 1
  1. 1 Thessalonians 5:1 χρόνων times

    Now about the times and seasons, brothers, we do not need to write to you.

    Here: Time as length or duration. Here it carries the question 'how long until…?'. It is plural: 'the times'.

2 Timothy · 1
  1. 2 Timothy 1:9 χρόνων time

    He has saved us and called us to a holy calling, not because of our works, but by His own purpose and by the grace He granted us in Christ Jesus before time began.

    Here: 'Times': plural, meaning the long stretches of time that make up history.

Titus · 1
  1. Titus 1:2 χρόνων time

    in the hope of eternal life, which God, who cannot lie, promised before time began.

    Here: This is plural, 'times', meaning spans or stretches of time rather than time as an abstract dimension.

Hebrews · 3
  1. Hebrews 4:7 χρόνον, a time,

    God again designated a certain day as “Today,” when a long time later He spoke through David as was just stated: “Today, if you hear His voice, do not harden your hearts.”

    Here: A length of time. The phrase means the centuries between the entry into Canaan and the writing of the psalm.

  2. Hebrews 5:12 χρόνον, time,

    Although by this time you ought to be teachers, you need someone to reteach you the basic principles of God’s word. You need milk, not solid food!

    Here: The length of time they have been believers. Compare 2:3 and 10:32, 'the former days'. These are not new converts.

  3. Hebrews 11:32 χρόνος time

    And what more shall I say? Time will not allow me to tell of Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, David, Samuel, and the prophets,

    Here: Ordinary clock or calendar time, a stretch of time. Here it means the limited time a speaker has. No theological weight.

1 Peter · 4
  1. 1 Peter 1:17 χρόνον time

    Since you call on a Father who judges each one’s work impartially, conduct yourselves in reverent fear during your stay as foreigners.

    Here: In the accusative case, meaning 'for the length of' the time. The sojourn is a limited stretch that will end, since the letter expects the revealing of Christ (1:7, 1:13, 4:7).

  2. 1 Peter 1:20 χρόνων times

    He was known before the foundation of the world, but was revealed in the last times for your sake.

    Here: Plural: 'times', the successive periods of history. Christ appeared in the last of them.

  3. 1 Peter 4:2 χρόνον. time.

    Consequently, he does not live out his remaining time on earth for human passions, but for the will of God.

    Here: The length of life that is left. It sets up verse 3's contrast with 'the time that has passed' (ὁ παρεληλυθὼς χρόνος), which is said to be 'enough'.

  4. 1 Peter 4:3 χρόνος time

    For you have spent enough time in the past carrying out the same desires as the Gentiles: living in debauchery, lust, drunkenness, orgies, carousing, and detestable idolatry.

    Here: Picks up 'the remaining time' (chronos) of verse 2. A life is pictured as two stretches of time: the old one is used up, the remaining one belongs to God.

Jude · 1
  1. Jude 1:18 χρόνου time

    when they said to you, “In the last times there will be scoffers who will follow after their own ungodly desires.”

    Here: "Time" in the singular: one stretch of time, the closing age. The parallel in 2 Peter 3:3 says "the last days" instead.

Revelation · 4
  1. Revelation 2:21 χρόνον time

    Even though I have given her time to repent of her immorality, she is unwilling.

    Here: A length of time, a stretch of days. The KJV's 'space' means an interval, not room. It is a window that can close, and v. 22 announces that it is closing.

  2. Revelation 6:11 χρόνον a time

    Then each of them was given a white robe and told to rest a little while longer until the full number of their fellow servants, their brothers, were killed, just as they had been killed.

    Here: A stretch of time. Here it means the delay itself, which is formally ended in 10:6 ("there will be no more delay").

  3. Revelation 10:6 χρόνος Delay

    And he swore by Him who lives forever and ever, who created heaven and everything in it, the earth and everything in it, and the sea and everything in it: “There will be no more delay!

    Here: An amount of time, here the time still left to wait. In this setting it means “delay,” the further waiting time before God acts. It does not mean time as a dimension of the universe.

  4. Revelation 20:3 χρόνον.¶ time.

    And he threw him into the Abyss, shut it, and sealed it over him, so that he could not deceive the nations until the thousand years were complete. After that, he must be released for a brief period of time.

    Here: An accusative of extent: 'for a little time'. It describes a span of time, not a set calendar date.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.